□ 文/杜娟



重庆与金奈：构建起产业合作的互联互通

□ 文/杜娟

城市简介

金奈地处印度东南沿海，东临孟加拉湾，为泰米尔纳德邦的首府，金奈（泰米尔语：“Chennai”）以前被称为马德拉斯（英语：“Madras”）。印度第四大商业城市，世界35大都市地区之一。其经济主要基于其汽车工业、IT科技和医疗工业实力。金奈市汽车工业发达，被称为“印度的底特律”，全印度30%的汽车和40%的汽车零部件产自金奈，现代、雷诺、尼桑等全球知名汽车品牌均在当地开设了工厂。金奈市软件业发展良好，是印度第二大软件出口城市，仅次于班加罗尔。金奈是印度最大的人工港，海、空、铁路和公路交通均很方便，故被称为印度南部的门户。随着政府对经济特区的开放，金奈在进出口贸易方面的重要地位不断提升。

除了在经济建设方面的成就外，在音乐、电影、体育、文化遗产等方面，金奈有其自身的特色。金奈以文化遗产而著称。作为泰米尔纳德邦的首府，金奈不仅是达罗毗荼文化的宝库，还是种姓制度残留最明显的地区。目前，金奈已经发展为印度的重要旅游城市之一。

重庆作为中国的四大直辖市之一，是西南地区的政治、经济、文化中心。重庆市与金奈市友好城市关系的建立，不仅在产业合作方面，还是在人文交流方面，都具有重大意义。

外事知识

中国“一带一路”战略与印度“向东看”政策

“一带一路”是指“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的简称。它依靠中国与有关沿线国家既有的双多边机制，借助既有的、行之有效的区域合作平台，旨在借用古代“丝绸之路”的历史符号，主动地发展与沿线国家的经济合作伙伴关系，共同打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体。

印度“向东看”战略是印度总理拉奥于上个世纪90年代初提出的，是冷战后印度实施的大国战略的重要组成部分，融国家发展战略、国家安全战略于一体，涉及政治、外交、经贸、文化、军事等各个方面。进入21世纪以来，印度最初设定的“东向”目标基本实现，它与东南亚国家的关系进入一个新的历史阶段。现在印度“东向政策”从纯粹的外交政策转变发展成内外兼顾。近年来，随着中国“一带一路”战略的提出，这与印度的“向东看”政策产生了重合，这种重合不仅为两国的合作提供了新契机，而且促使中国与印度合作的不断深化。

互联互通

“互联互通”，本意是指运营商的网络与不在该网络中的设备或设施之间的物理链路，而现在更多地被引申过来说明穿越时空的联系。在国际关系中，互联互通一般是指跨越国家的商业贸易之间的沟通与合作，目的在于促进国家之间交往的便利化和流动性。这是一种平等共生的关系网络，合作各方将彼此需求对接。

2014年底，在北京召开的“加强互联互通伙伴关系”东道主伙伴对话会上，中方提出大力做好互联互通人力资源的培训工作。2015年5月15日，首届中印地方合作论坛在北京人民大会堂召开，国务院总理李克强、印度总理莫迪出席论坛并出席。重庆市长黄奇帆率重庆代表团出席，并围绕地方在促进中印建立更加紧密的发展合作伙伴关系作了发言。会议期间，重庆市跟印度金奈市签署了友好关系城市协定。

重庆与金奈历史渊源深厚，抗战时期就通过“驼峰路线”建起战略互助的空中桥梁；现在，重庆与印度经贸文化交流合作也蓬勃发展。在未来进一步的合作发展中，双方一要加强产业发展互联互通；二要加强投资合作互联互通；三要加强服务贸易互联互通；四要加强城市智慧管理互联互通；五要加强人文领域互联互通。

外事案例

习近平与莫迪互访为重庆与金奈建立友城牵线

2014年10月中国国家主席习近平访问印度和2015年5月印度总理莫迪访华，双方就政治对话与战略沟通、构建更加紧密的发展伙伴关系进行下一步规划。并在人文交流、新的合作领域、跨境合作等事宜上达成了一致，其中就有中国重庆与印度金奈结为友好城市的决定，这为两国关系的进一步发展奠定了基础。2015年11月26日，重庆与印度金奈结为旅游友好城邦。重庆市作为中国的一个直辖市，是印度旅游局在中国市场上部署的重要一环。2016年是“中印交流年”的第二年，印度旅游局将在2016年采取更多措施促进重庆人民和金奈人民的相互交流，希望更多重庆游客来印度体验异域风情。

重庆作为丝绸之路经济带与长江经济带相会的重要节点，在中国西部大开发中扮演了重要的角色。金奈作为印度第四大商业城市和南部最大的贸易中心，是促进印度南部发展的重要动力。重庆市与金奈市产业互补性强，两市发展建立友好城市关系，有助于进一步推动双方在经济、贸易、文化等领域的实质性合作与交流，提升重庆在南亚地区的知名度和影响力，促进重庆内陆开放高地建设。

重庆企业“走向印度”与印度企业“走进中国”

2014年，重庆与印度的进出口总额达到100亿元；2015年第一季度增幅超过60%，双方交流的领域不断扩展，合作方式更趋多样，合作成果日益丰硕，为巩固双边发展伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。

印度人口众多，基础设施较为落后，工程市场潜力巨大。早在2004年，重庆企业就开始进入印度市场。6月19日，印度《经济时报》报道了重庆力帆集团正在进入印度市场。据中国驻印度参赞介绍，目前在印度的中资建筑企业中，重庆外建集团在当地口碑良好，印度知名企业TATA集团旗下的建筑公司主动要求与其合作共建轻轨项目。2015年底，落户重庆两江新区的中冶赛迪集团收到印度TATA集团下属的钢铁公司的高炉中标书，这意味着重庆两江新区企业的高炉已经进入印度市场，进一步借助重庆品牌迈向国际化。与此同时，印度的企业也在积极进入中国市场。

延伸阅读

金奈：印度东海岸的明珠

印度是一个“十里不同俗”的国家，其人种、语言、宗教、建筑多样。在众多的城市中，金奈成为其东海岸的一颗明珠。金奈之美，美在建筑，亦美在文化。

金奈的建筑是印度传统风格与英伦风范完美的结合。不同于印度北部的传统建筑掺杂伊斯兰元素（泰姬陵就是典型的伊斯兰建筑），金奈的传统建筑是纯印度式的。由于英国人在此经营良久，金奈也留下了很多欧式建筑，基督教堂随处可见。

生活在这座城市里的人信奉印度教和基督教，而分别代表这两种宗教的格巴利斯瓦拉神庙和圣多马大教堂相隔不远。格巴利斯瓦拉神庙供奉的是湿婆神，是一座达罗毗荼文化样式的寺院；而圣多马是基督教12使徒之一，圣多马大教堂是一座哥特式建筑。五颜六色的印度神庙与洁白的哥特式基督教堂交相辉映。同时仰望两种风格的建筑，就像在同时欣赏白天鹅和花孔雀。

金奈是达罗毗荼文化的宝库，是一个没有受到伊斯兰教文化影响的纯粹的印度文化宝库。金奈的文化渊源可以追溯到达罗毗荼人的哈拉帕文化。它最早绽放在印度河流域，在雅利安人进入印恒河平原后，留在原地的达罗毗荼人和哈拉帕文化被雅利安文化同化形成如今的印度文化。而另一部分达罗毗荼人带着哈拉帕文化迁徙到现在的泰米尔纳德邦，保留了自己独特的语言和习俗。其后代成为“泰米尔人”，保留下来的文化现称“泰米尔文化”。

● 作者为四川外国语大学国际关系学院硕士研究生●

Introduction of Chennai

Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu and it was called Madras , which lies in the southeast of India and its east extends to the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth largest city in India and one of the most developed 35 cities in the world. Its economy is mainly based on its automotive industry, information technology and medical industry. Its automotive industry is relatively advanced and the city enjoys the reputation of “Detroit of India”. Nearly 30% cars and 40% car components in all India are made in Chennai, and famous international car companies like Hyundai, Renault, Nissan have their manufactories here. The software industry of Chennai is highly-developed; Chennai is the second largest software-export city in India after Bangalore. Chennai is the largest artifi cial harbor in India, what is more, the sea, air, rail and road traffi c is convenient, so Chennai is called the portal of south India. With the opening up of special economic zone by the government, Chennai has been playing more and more important role in trade and business.

Chennai not only has made great achievements in economic construction, but also has its uniqueness in music, movie, sports and cultural heritage, and it is famous for its cultural heritage. Chennai is the treasury of Dravidian culture, and it is also the treasure-house of pure Indian culture which has not been affected by the Islam culture. Caste system in India can still be found deeply here. At present, Chennai has been one of the most attractive tourist cities in India.

Chongqing city is one of the 4 municipalities in China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the southwest in China. The establishment of sister city between Chongqing and Chennai will have great meaning in industry cooperation, cultural and educational exchanges for both sides.

Knowledge of Foreign Affairs

The Belt and Road Initiative of China and Look East Policy of India

The Belt and Road Initiative is a development strategy and framework, proposed by People's Republic of China that focuses on connectivity and cooperation among countries primarily in Eurasia, which consists of two main components, the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and oceangoing Maritime Silk Road (MSR). The initiative which is largely analogous to the historical Silk Road, calls for the integration of the region into a cohesive economic area through building infrastructure, increasing cultural exchanges, and broadening trade.

India's Look East policy was developed and enacted during the government of Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao, India's strategy has focused on forging close economic and commercial ties, increasing strategy and security cooperation and the emphasis of historic cultural and ideological links. India sought to create and expand regional markets for trade, investment and industrial development. It also began strategic and military cooperation with nations concerned by the expansion of China's economic and strategic infl uence. In recent years, China put forward “One Belt, One Road”, and India produce “Look East” policy, which have coincidence. This coincidence not only provides new opportunities for cooperation between the two countries, but promotes cooperation between China and India.

Interconnection

Interconnectivity intention refers to the network operators and not in the network of physical link between the equipment or facilities. But now it is extended over more instructions through time and space links. In international relations, generally it refers to the interconnection of communication and cooperation across national commercial trade between the countries aimed at promoting exchanges between convenience and mobility. This is an equal symbiotic network of relationships; the parties will cooperate with each other docking needs.

The end of 2014, Beijing held a strengthening interconnection partnership dialogue partner to host the meeting; China made great efforts to do a good job of training human resources. On May 15, 2015, Hall. Premier Li Keqiang attended the forum and Indian Prime Minister Modi to attend. Chongqing Mayor Huang Qifan with his delegation attended the meeting and made a statement about the place in the promotion of India to establish closer partnership fordevelopment. During the meeting, Chongqing and Chennai signed a friendship city relationship agreement.

Chongqing and Chennai has close historical ties. During the war, through the“Hump Route” air bridge built strategic cooperation. Now, Chongqing’s economy, trade cooperation and cultural exchanges with India are also booming. Further development of cooperation in the future, firstly, both sides should strengthen industrial development interconnection. Secondly, they have to reinforce trade in services interconnection. Next, they need to enhance urban management wisdom interconnection. Finally, they should intensify interconnection humanities.

Foreign Cases

Xi Jinping and Modi Visits for Founding the Sister City of Chongqing and Chennai

In October 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping visited India. And in May 2015, Indian Prime Minister Modi visited China. The two sides on political dialogue and strategic communication built closer partnership for development, and reached a consensus on cultural exchanges, new areas of cooperation, cross-border cooperation. Thus, Chongqing and Chennai made sister cities decision, which laid the foundation for the further development of relations between the two cities. On November 26th, 2015, Chongqing and Chennai became tourist-friendly cities. As a municipality of China, Chongqing is an important part of India Tourist Offi ce in the Chinese market deployment. The year of 2016 is the second year of the China-India Exchange Year. India Tourism Bureau will take more measures to facilitate the exchange between Chongqing people and Chennai people and hope that more tourists will come to Chongqing to experience different region amorous feelings.

As an important node in the Silk Road economic belt and the Yangtze River economic belt, Chongqing plays an important role in the development of western China. Chennai, India's fourth largest city and commercial center of the south's largest trade, is an important driving force for the development of southern India. Chongqing and Chennai industries are highly complementary, the two cities establish sister city relations, helping to further promote bilateral substantial cooperation in the economic, trade, cultural and other fi elds, enhancing Chongqing in south Asia visibility and infl uence, at the same time promoting Chongqing inland open construction.

Chongqing Enterprises to India and Indian Enterprises Into China

In 2014, total imports and exports of Chongqing and India reached 100 billion RMB. The fi rst quarter of 2015, it increases over 60%. The areas of mutual exchanges are expanding and the way of cooperation becomes diversely. The achievement of cooperation is fruitful. This consolidates the bilateral partnership for development.

India has the large population and relatively poor infrastructure. But it has huge engineering market. As early as 2004, Chongqing enterprises began to enter the Indian market, India's Economic Times reported on June 19 Chongqing Lifan Group is entering the Indian market. According to the Chinese ambassador to India, currently owned construction enterprises in India, the Chongqing Construction Group outside owned the local good reputation and well-known enterprises of the Indian TATA Group offered cooperation with construction companies to build a light rail project. The end of 2015, CCID Metallurgical Group settled in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, later it received subsidiary of the Indian TATA Steel's blast furnace in the tender, which means that enterprises in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area has entered the Indian market blast, and further towards the aid Chongqing brand of country. At the same time, Indian companies are also actively entering the Chinese market.

Further Reading

Chennai - The Pearl of the East Coast of India

India is a country which has different and various customs. It has multiple race, language, religion and architecture. In many of its cities, Chennai becomes a pearl of the east coast. The beauty of Chennai includes the architecture and the culture.

The architecture of Chennai is a traditional Indian style with the perfect combination of British style. It is different from the tradition of northern India building which has Islamic elements. The Taj-mahal is a typical Islamic architecture. The traditional architecture of Chennai is a Hindu. Because the British people had business in this area for a long time, Chennai also left a lot of European style architecture. The Christian church can be seen everywhere. People who live in there believe in Hinduism and Christianity.

Representing these two religious, barras tile temple and the cathedral of St. Thomas are not far away. In the temple of Lord Shiva, the gas is the Dravidian style tea culture of temple. Thomas church is one of the twelve apostles Christianity which is a gothic architecture. The colorful Indian temple and white hand in photograph refl ect gothic church of Christ.

Looking at two kinds of style of architecture at the same time as if you appreciate the white swan and peacocks at the same time. The capital of the state of Tamil Nadu Chennai is a treasure trove barrow culture. It is a pure Indian culture treasure house not under the influence of Islam culture. Chennai’s cultural origin can be traced to the Dravidian tea of the Harappa culture. It is the earliest blooming and watershed in India, after the Aryans into the Ganges, at the Dravidian stay put, tea and Harappa culture was Aryan cultural assimilation today’s India culture. And the other part of the Dravidian tea with the Harappa culture assimilated to the present state of Tamil Nadu, keeping their unique language and customs. Their offspring becomes Tamils and preserved culture called Tamil culture.

By post-graduate student of School of International Relations, Sichuan International Studies University

Chongqing and Chennai- Building up Industry Interconnection City

□ Written by Du J uan