吴 俊，丁金鸿，何炎平，赵永生，刘亚东

(上海交通大学 船舶海洋与建筑工程学院 海洋工程国家重点实验室，上海 200240)

海上浮式风机气动性能数值模拟

吴 俊，丁金鸿，何炎平，赵永生，刘亚东

(上海交通大学 船舶海洋与建筑工程学院 海洋工程国家重点实验室，上海 200240)

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法，基于RANS方程和SST k-ω湍流模型，对OC3-Hywind Spar浮式平台支撑的NREL 5 MW风机进行气动性能模拟。对固定式风机的数值模型做网格无关性验证，同时考虑垂直风切变的影响，并将数值结果与NREL设计数据进行对比以验证模型的有效性。在FLUENT软件中,设定嵌入式滑移网格和用户定义程序(UDF)来模拟风机叶轮随平台的周期运动，分别研究浮式平台的纵荡、纵摇和首摇运动对风机气动荷载的影响。数值结果表明平台的纵荡和纵摇运动对输出功率影响较大，且平台运动幅值越大周期越低，其气动荷载变化越剧烈。合理控制平台的运动幅值对提高浮式风机的发电性能和疲劳强度有很大作用。

海上浮式风机；计算流体动力学；气动性能；六自由度运动

Abstract:Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method is used to simulate the aerodynamic performance of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) experiencing platform motions.Based on the RANS equations and the k-ω shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model,aerodynamic simulations for NREL 5MW turbine combined with OC3-Hywind spar buoy are studied.Grid independence studies are performed in fixed type offshore wind turbine,considering the effect of vertical wind shear,and the simulation results are compared with NREL published data to verify the numerical model.Furthermore,embedded moving mesh technique and user-defined functions (UDF) are adopted in FLUENT software to model the periodical motions of the rotor,and the effects of typical surge,pitch and yaw motions of the platform on turbine aerodynamic loads are investigated.The simulation results reveal that the surge and pitch motions have a greater impact on the fluctuation of the output power,and more significant variation of the aerodynamic loads would be introduced by larger amplitude and shorter period of the motion.The aerodynamic performance of the turbine and the fatigue strength of the structures would be significantly improved by reasonable controlling of the platform motions.

Keywords:floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT); computational fluid dynamics; aerodynamic performance; six-degrees-of-freedom motions

海上浮式风机在风浪流的联合作用下产生六自由度运动，使风机周围的流场发生剧烈变化，其复杂程度远远超出了陆上和离岸固定式风机的流场[1]。其中平台的纵摇和首摇运动将导致叶轮附近出现非轴向或扭曲的流场，且风机叶片也会与尾流相互作用，使叶片的气动荷载计算变得更加复杂。同时平台的纵摇运动使叶轮产生有效风剪切，故叶轮表面均匀风速的假设不再适用[2]。……