陈可锋，陆培东，王艳红，曾成杰

(南京水利科学研究院 水文水资源及水利工程科学国家重点实验室，江苏 南京 210029)

河口拦门沙航道整治方案及效果研究
——以射阳河口为例

陈可锋，陆培东，王艳红，曾成杰

(南京水利科学研究院 水文水资源及水利工程科学国家重点实验室，江苏 南京 210029)

在分析射阳港拦门沙航道一期整治工程建设后航道回淤特征的基础上，通过潮流泥沙数学模型分析研究了二期不同整治方案建设后的水流、含沙量及淤积分布特征，论证了不同方案的整治效果。研究表明：现状条件下由于导堤为潜堤，受越堤水流、口门回流等影响，一期工程建设后航道沿程普遍淤积。在一期导堤的基础上将导堤加高后有利于减小口门段航道淤积；将导堤延长后，淤积最严重的部位年淤强度有所减小，但在新的口门附近航道淤积仍然较严重；将口门宽度缩窄后，口门附近的淤积强度有所减小，但幅度有限；在航道内增加丁坝后，口门段泥沙淤积强度有所减小，但对改善中段航道淤积有限。

射阳河口；双导堤；拦门沙；整治方案；航道回淤；数学模型

Abstract: Based on the comparison of measured terrain, the distribution characteristics of channel deposits in the Sheyang port channel project were analyzed. Water flow and sediment characteristics of Sheyang port channel were calculated and analyzed using the mathematical model, and the effect of different regulating projects was studied. The results show that: under the current situation, because the dike is a submerged breakwater, it is influenced by the flow over the submerged dike and the circumfluence flow at the entrance area of the approach channel; after the first phase of the project construction, the channel deposition was serious. The dike heightening is beneficial to the siltation reduction in the gate section of the channel; after the extension of the embankment, the most serious area of the deposition is reduced, but it is still more serious in the new harbor entrance. When the width of the mouth is narrow, the intensity of the deposit near the mouth is reduced, but the range is limited. The strength of sediment deposition in the estuary is decreased, but the decrease in the middle channel is limited by adding the groin in the channel.

Keywords: Sheyang estuary; jetty; mouth bar; regulating project; channel siltation; mathematical model

拦门沙因水浅给河流水运和海运事业的发展以及通海航槽的建设带来了极大的影响，因此对拦门沙航道的整治研究一直是河流、海岸动力学及港口航道开发与治理的重要及前沿课之一[1-3]。拦门沙航道开挖后易淤积，如美国密西西比河口治理早期曾通过疏浚开辟拦门沙航道，但一遇风暴，挖槽即被淤平，很难维护[4]。……