1. realise vt. 领悟；了解；实现；实行

He didnt realise his mistakes.

他没有意识到他的错误。

I realised my dream finally.

我最终实现了自己的梦想。

reality n. 现实；实际

realizable adj. 可实现的；可实行的

realistic adj. 现实的；实际的；实事求是的

2. destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏

The building was destroyed by the fire.

这座建筑被大火彻底焚毁了。

The accident destroyed my hope of happiness.

这场意外毁掉了我幸福的希望。

3. aim vi. 以……为目标；打算；瞄准；对准

He aims to become a football player.

他想成为一名足球运动员。

The factory must aim at increasing production.

工厂必须以增加产量为目标。

（1） aim to do sth 力求达到；以做……为目标

They are aiming to reduce the cost by 50%.

他们正力求使花销减少50%。

（2） aim at doing sth （aim for sth） 希望达到某个目标

They are aiming at collecting some stamps on the exhibition.

他们打算在展览上收集一些邮票。

We are aiming for the best results.

我们希望得到最好的结果。

（3） aim at 瞄准；对准

He aimed his gun at her head.

他把枪瞄准了她的头部。

（4） be aimed at 目标是；目的是

The visit is aimed at expanding relations between the two countries.

这次访问的目的是扩展两国之间的关系。

4. scene n. 景色；风景

The sunrise is a beautiful scene. 日出的景色真美。

What a fantastic scene！ 多么迷人的景色！

比较：scene和scenery的区别

scene和scenery均含“景色、风景”之意。scene为可数名词，表示“景色”时指所见之物，也可表示动态或静止的室内或室外的场景；scenery为不可数名词，指天然景色或景致，如山川、河流、村庄、森林等。

The beauty of the scene filled us with great pleasure.

美丽的景色让我们非常愉快。

We passed through some beautiful scenery on our journey through the Lake District.

在穿越湖区的旅途中，我们看到了不少美丽的景色。

5. expression n. 表现；表达

I sent my teacher some flowers as an expression of thanks.

我给我的老师送去一些鲜花表示感谢。

The scenery is beautiful beyond expression.

那风景美得无法形容。

beyond expression 难以形容

freedom of expression 言论自由

give expression to 表达出……

6. alive adj. 有活力的；有生气的；活着；在世

Tommy is alive with happiness.

汤米高兴得眉飞色舞。

Although he is eighty， he is still very alive.

他虽然已经八十岁了，但仍然充满活力。

Is your mother alive？

你的母亲还健在吗？

注意：alive表示“活着的，在世的”，其反义词是dead“死的”，没有比较等级的变化；但表示“有活力的；活泼的”等意思时，可以有比较等级的变化，且通常加more，most构成。

My grandfather is more alive than a lot of young people.

我爷爷比许多年轻人有活力。

bring...alive 使……有趣

come alive 引起兴趣；生动起来

7. stand vt. 忍受（尤其用于否定句、疑问句）

I cant stand his brother.

他弟弟让我受不了。

She couldnt stand being kept waiting.

叫她等着，她会受不了。

8. adopt vt. 采纳；采用；正式通过（建议、政策等）

All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.

三个队处理这个问题采用的方法各不相同。

The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.

委员会有望在下次会议正式通过这项新政策。

9. imitate vt. 临摹；仿造；模仿（某人的讲话、举

止）；仿效

His handwriting is difficult to imitate.

他的笔迹很难模仿。

People imitate diamonds with crystal.

人们用水晶仿造钻石。

Jane imitates the cuckoo.

简模仿布谷鸟的叫声。

He can imitate his teacher perfectly.

他能惟妙惟肖地模仿他的老师。

You should imitate great and kind people.

你应仿效伟大而善良的人。

10. observe vt. 观察；注意到（不用于进行时）

既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词

（1） observe做及物动词表示“注意到、看到”时，后面接名词、代词、that从句、what从句和how从句。

He observed a stranger hanging around the store.

他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。

They observed that it was getting dark.

他们注意到天慢慢地黑下来了。

The farmer observed what was going on between them.

那个农民注意到他们之间所发生的事。

（2） observe做不及物动词表示“观察”时，后面接副词。

You think badly of her， I observe.

你把她想得很坏，我看出来了。

He observed keenly but said little.

他注意观察，但很少说话。

11. aspect n. 方面

The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.

这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面。

She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect.

她觉得她已从各个角度去考虑了这个问题。

12. like n. 爱好；嗜好

dislike n. 憎恶；不喜欢

We all have different likes and dislikes.

我们各有不同的好恶。

He did not try to hide his like （dislike） of his boss.

他没有掩饰自己对上司的好（反）感。

13. be/get tired of 对……厌烦

— Why did you close the door？

— Im tired of listening to the baby crying.

——你为什么关门呢？

——婴儿的哭声让我感到厌烦。

Kate told me that she was tired of running errands for her sister.

凯特告诉我，她已经厌烦给她姐姐跑腿了。

注意：be tired of 和be tired with两个短语结构相近，但意思不同。be tired of 表示“对……厌倦”；be tired with表示“因……疲劳”。

14. put off 推迟；延期

Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today.

今日事，今日毕。

Wed better put off the meeting till Friday.

我们最好把会议推迟到星期五再开。

15. at ones best 处在最佳状态

Beijing is at its best in late spring and autumn.

北京在晚春和秋季时是最美丽的。

Jack told me that he didnt really feel at his best yesterday.

杰克告诉我他昨天不太舒服。

16. be fond of 喜欢；喜爱

（1） be fond of sb 喜爱（尤指认识已久的人）

Over the years， I have been quite fond of her.

经过这么多年，我已经相当喜欢她了。

（2） be fond of sth/doing sth 喜爱（尤指长期喜爱的事物或做的事）

We were fond of the house and didnt want to leave.

我们喜欢上了这座房子，不想离开。

17. tell by 从……可以看出

You can tell by the color of the meat.

从肉的颜色可以看出来。

— How can you tell？

— Just by listening to what people say.

你怎么看出来的？

只是听人们说的。

tell...from... 把……与……区分开来

tell off 责备；斥责 tell apart 把……区分开

tell against 对……不利 tell of 提及；描述

18. take turns 轮流

take turns in sth/to do sth 依次、轮流做某事

The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs.

雄鸟和雌鸟轮流伏窝。

in turn 依次；轮流；逐个；转而

The children called out their names in turn.

孩子们逐一自报姓名。

by turns 轮流地；依次

The book is， by turns， funny and very sad.

这本书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。

19. a series of 一系列的

He had attend a series of important meeting.

他参加了一系列的重要会议。

She made a series of brilliant scientific discoveries.

她做出了一系列辉煌的科学发现。