民用飞机对CCAR25.1438条款的符合性验证思路探讨
2016-10-11曹静珂
曹静珂

【摘 要】本文对民用飞机适航条款§25.1438的要求进行了研究和解析,系统地梳理和归纳出与本条款相关的系统验证考虑,提出了建议性的符合性验证思路。
【关键词】民用飞机;增压系统;气动系统;适航性要求
0 引言
在民用飞机设计中,安全性始终是其最重要的特征,CCAR-25《运输类飞机适航标准》[1]是运输类飞机研制必须满足的最低安全标准由于系统的失效可能危及飞机及其乘员的安全,所以系统中的元件必须进行强度试验(破坏压力试验)和验证压力试验。在评定增压系统和气动系统的强度时,应考虑到系统中可能会出现过大压力载荷的可能性,同时也考虑到可能存在的振动载荷和温度效应引起的载荷作用在系统元件上。
1 适航条款的要求
1.1 适航条款原文
§25.1438 增压系统和气动系统
(a)增压系统元件必须分别进行压力值为最大正常工作压力2倍的破坏压力试验和1.5倍的验证压力试验。
(b)气动系统元件必须分别进行压力值为最大正常工作压力3倍的破坏压力试验和1.5倍的验证压力试验。
(c)可以用分析或分析和试验相结合的方法,来代替本条(a)或(b)要求的各项试验,条件是适航当局认为该方法与所要求的试验等效。
1.2 条款一致性分析
对于FAR 25.1438条款,通过修正案Amdt.25-41( 42 FR 36971, Jul.18,1977)引入规章,其后要求一直未变。最新FAR 25.1438条款原文如下:
§25.1438 Pressurization and pneumatic systems[2]
(a)Pressurization system elements must be burst pressure tested to 2.0 times, and proof pressure tested to 1.5 times,the maximum normal operating pressure.
(b)Pneumatic system elements must be burst pressure tested to 3.0 times,and proof pressure tested to 1.5 times,the maximum normal operating pressure.
(c)An analysis,or a combination of analysis and test,may be substituted for any test required by paragraph (a) or (b) of this section if the Administrator finds it equivalent to the required test.
CS 25.1438 Pressurisation and low pressure pneumatic systems[3]
Pneumatic systems (ducting and components)served by bleed air, such as engine bleed air,airconditioning, pressurisation,engine starting and hot-air ice-protection systems,which are essential for the safe operation of the aeroplane or whose failure may adversely affect any essential or critical part of the aeroplane or the safety of the occupants, must be so designed and installed as to comply the CS 25.1309 In particular account must be taken of bursting or excessive leakage. (See AMC 25.1438 paragraph 1 for strength and AMC 25.1438 paragraph 2 for testing.)
经过对比发现,关于本条款EASA和FAA有区别。EASA的验证试验和破坏试验的压力值与温度相关,试验要求和设备的安全性要求相关,联系了CS25.1309条相关要求。……
