■ 樊 骅 Fan Hua 汪 力 Wang Li

预制装配式混凝土建筑防水技术

■ 樊 骅 Fan Hua 汪 力 Wang Li

文章介绍现有预制装配式混凝土建筑防水技术，包括地上建筑和地下建筑。地上建筑分为外挂墙板防水和预制剪力墙外墙板防水，其中，外挂墙板防水设计成“以导为主，以堵为辅”，采用材料防水和结构防水相结合；预制剪力墙外墙板防水采用“以堵为主”，采用预留现浇部分防水。地下建筑分为预制混凝土箱涵和叠合墙板结构体系，其中，预制混凝土箱涵主要应用于综合管廊中；叠合板式混凝土结构体系防水分为普通防水构造、外贴防水构造和局部增强防水构造，普通防水构造主要应用于地上建筑和地下无承压水部位，外贴防水构造主要应用于地下有承压水但地质条件良好的部位，局部增强防水构造主要应用于地下环境复杂，易产生不均匀沉降且有承压水的部位。

预制装配式混凝土建筑；外挂墙板；预制剪力墙外墙板；预制混凝土箱涵；叠合板式混凝土结构体系

【Abstract】The paper introduced existed waterproof technologies of precast concrete building， including buildings on the ground and substructures. As for buildings on ground， it could be divided into external wall waterproof and precast shear wall waterproof. Design concept of the former is Taking guiding as the main methods and blocking as supplement and it combined material waterproof and structural waterproof altogether； and the latter mainly used blocking method and reserved cast part as waterproof. The substructure could be divided into precast concrete box culvert and composite wall plate structure system. Precast concrete box culvert was mainly used in utility tunnel. Composite wall plate structure system waterproof could be classifi ed into ordinary waterproof construction， external waterproof structure and locally reinforced waterproof structure. Ordinary waterproof construction was mainly used in buildings on ground and underground non-confi ned water area， external waterproof structure for parts with confi ned water but good in geological condition， and locally reinforced waterproof structure for parts with confi ned water but with complicated environment and easy to get differential settlements.

预制装配式混凝土建筑是我国建筑业的重要发展方向，也是建筑业转型升级的主要途径之一。相比传统现浇混凝土建筑，预制装配式混凝土建筑更符合绿色施工的要求，可有效降低施工噪音、防止扬尘、减少材料浪费、节能、节水、提高施工效率、减少劳动消耗等优点。

我国预制装配式混凝土建筑始于上世纪50年代，但在80、90年代出现了停滞，其中一个重要原因就是预制板间接缝处理不当，漏水现象时有发生，这其中既有接缝处材料使用不当，也有接缝设计不合理等原因。……