港口效率对我国出口贸易影响的实证研究
2016-09-11邓雯
邓雯


摘 要:采用贸易引力模型研究中国港口的效率对出口贸易的影响,基于我国沿海主要规模以上港口1995~2014年出口美国的面板数据进行实证分析,主要结论可总结为2点:(1)港口效率是影响我国中美贸易的重要因素;(2)表明有效利用和提高港口运作效率是增强我国出口贸易的有效手段。并提出进一步优化出口贸易的产品结构,促进技术资金密集型产品的出口导向和积极应对贸易摩擦,加快核心技术和自主品牌的研发是我国优化外贸格局的有利举措。
关键词:港口效率;出口贸易;贸易引力模型;集装箱吞吐量
中图分类号:U691 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Using the trade gravity model to study the impact of the efficiency of China's port on the export trade, which based on the 1995~2014 panel data from the United States of China's coastal ports for export to the United States for an empirical analysis. The main conclusions can be summarized as 2 points: (1)port efficiency is an important factor that affects trade between China and America; (2)the effective use and improve the efficiency of the port operation are an effective means to enhance the export trade of our country. The paper further puts forward optimizating export product structure, promoting intensive products export orientation, actively responding to trade friction, which to speed up the development of core technology and independent brand are a favorable measure to optimize the pattern of foreign trade in china.
Key words: port efficiency; export trade; trade gravity model; container throughput
1 我国出口贸易、港口效率现状及对出口贸易的影响
1.1 我国出口贸易现状。随着改革开放和加入WTO以来,我国出口贸易的规模迅速扩张,1980年我国的出口贸易总额为271.2亿元,2000年出口贸易总额为20 634.4亿元,2008年出口贸易总额增长到了100 394亿元,二十年来我国出口贸易总额大约增长了370倍[1]。“中国制造”对全世界的经济和贸易都带来了影响,同时我国出口贸易结构也不断优化,工业制成品的出口比重从不到50%上升为占到90%以上,出口商品逐渐从劳动密集型产品转变为资本和技术密集型产品,在全球价值链中不断向附加值更高的两端发展,并在世界工厂中承担更为重要的作用。但是,我国出口贸易受到能源结构的影响,承当国际产业转移的同时,加大了自身的能源消耗,加剧了能源供应紧张[2]。除此之外,还存在比如区域贸易不平衡,贸易伙伴主要是美国和欧盟,而与大洋洲、非洲、亚洲等其他国家的经济往来较少的问题。……
