The IMU Calibration Mathematical Modeling and Error Analysis*
2016-09-09ZHAOGuilingJIANGYuhanLISongSchoolofGeomaticsLiaoningTechnicalUniversityFuxinLiaoning123000China
ZHAO Guiling,JIANG Yuhan,LI Song(School of Geomatics,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin Liaoning 123000,China)
The IMU Calibration Mathematical Modeling and Error Analysis*
ZHAO Guiling*,JIANG Yuhan,LI Song
(School of Geomatics,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin Liaoning 123000,China)
The calibration path design and data processing method for inertial measurement unit(IMU)depend on IMU calibration mathematical model.Installation error is an important factor in determining the IMU calibration model.According to the different installation forms of accelerometers and gyroscopes relative to the carrier,an IMU calibration mathematical modeling method was proposed by coordinate transformation.The affects of IMU calibra⁃tion model error on angular rate and acceleration were derived.It analyzed the influence of IMU calibration model error on inertial navigation system navigation(SINS),and also designed calibration path and data processing meth⁃ods based on the position information provided by turntable.The simulation and turntable experiment results show that IMU calibration model error causes attitude error,velocity error and position error.Also,the expression form of installation error decides the navigation errors caused by IMU calibration model.
inertial measurement unit;calibration;mathematical modeling;installation error;inertial navigation system navigation
惯性测量单元IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit)是捷联惯性导航系统的核心硬件基础,其标定精度直接影响捷联惯性导航系统的工作精度[1-4]。IMU标定精度取决于IMU标定数学模型精度及基于标定模型的标定路径设计和标定数据处理方法[5-8]。而IMU实际输出轴组成的陀螺坐标系和加速度计坐标系与导航解算所在的角速度坐标系和比力坐标系之间的安装误差,决定了IMU标定数学模型的表达形式。国内外对IMU标定技术的研究,主要针对转台的性能指标或载体的机动性开展标定路径设计和参数估计算法的研究[9-11],鲜有对标定模型本身精确性和适用性的分析与探讨,部分讨论也只是基于固定模型下分析具体参数的影响[12-13],缺乏对模型严格准确的推导,而标定模型对于标定方法的选择、IMU性能评估以及系统的误差分配具有重要意义[14]。
不同的导航系统对IMU标定模型精度要求有多高?不同精度要求的IMU标定应该采用多高精度的数学模型?简化的IMU标定模型对系统的导航精度有多大的影响?IMU标定亟待解决这些问题。本文针对IMU标定模型的精确性、适用性等实际问题开展研究工作,以三轴一体IMU安装误差角为切入点,基于空间笛卡尔坐标系转换矩阵,建立IMU标定线性数学模型,给出模型中各个参数的物理意义,并对模型进行两种常用形式的简化。基于三轴惯性测试转台设计的IMU标定仿真和实验结果,给出了IMU简化模型误差对捷联惯性导航系统精度的影响,为不同精度的捷联惯性导航系统选择IMU标定模型奠定基础。……
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