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The Design and Implementation for Three Dimension Co-Vibrating Vector Hydrophone*

2016-09-09SUNQindongHOUWenshuWANGWenlongWANGChaoNavySubmarineAcademyQingdaoShandong266042China

传感技术学报 2016年6期

SUN Qindong,HOU Wenshu,WANG Wenlong,WANG Chao(Navy Submarine Academy,Qingdao Shandong 266042,China)



The Design and Implementation for Three Dimension Co-Vibrating Vector Hydrophone*

SUN Qindong*,HOU Wenshu,WANG Wenlong,WANG Chao
(Navy Submarine Academy,Qingdao Shandong 266042,China)

A three dimension co-vibrating vector hydrophone combined with pressure channels and vector channels was designed and implementationed according to partical engineering requirement.The shape of the vector hydro⁃phone is a cylinder with two caottes.The size is Φ54×72 mm,and the working frequency rang is from 20 Hz to 2 000 Hz.Its perfoemance was measured in standing wave pipe of National Defence Underwater Acoustics Calibration Labroatory.The result of shows the pressure sensitivity of pressure channels is-192.7 dB(0 dB ref 1 V/μPa),with direction performance of equal,and the pressure sensitivity of vector channels is-185.3 dB(measuring frequency is 500 Hz,0 dB ref 1 V/μPa)with direction performance of cosine.The designed and manufactured of vector hydro⁃phone has high sensitivity,good consisitency,easy to use,meet the needs of partical engineering application.

co-vibrating;vector hydrophone;three dimension;sensitivity;direction

矢量水听器是一种新型水下声信号接收器,其通常包含声压水听器和矢量水听器两部分,声压水听器敏感元件为按不同方式极化的压电陶瓷,矢量水听器敏感元件可以是加速度传感器、速度传感器或位移传感器,维数可以根据需要做成一维、二维或三维[1]。矢量水听器矢量通道具有与频率无关的余弦指向性[2],相比于传统声压水听器来说,单矢量水听器通过声压和振速联合信息处理,能有效抗各向同性噪声干扰,如果将矢量水听器组成阵列,能够增大阵列空间增益,还可以解决传统声压水听器阵列在定向时的左右舷模糊问题[3-4]。

近年来,随着潜艇减震降噪技术的进步,潜艇辐射噪声甚至接近海洋背景噪声[5],并且噪声频率向低频方向发展,因此,对现代探潜声纳提出了更高的要求,常规声纳已不能满足应用需求。文献表明:2004年,美国Naval Surface Warface Center利用5元矢量水听器垂直阵在阿拉斯加附近海域所测环境噪声谱级比声压水听器低6 dB~8 dB[6-7]左右,矢量水听器的出现及其工程应是应对低频、远距离、弱信号辐射噪声探测的有效办法,因此,矢量水听器成为水声传感器研究的重点[8-9]。本文出于实际海上实验需要,开展同振式三轴向矢量水听器的研究。

1 矢量水听器设计声学理论

声波在理想流体介质中传播时,遇到物体表面声学特性和水介质特性不连续的介质时会发生声散射现象。圆柱形矢量水听器相比于水介质近似为声学刚性,将其放入水下声场中时,其声学特性与水介质不连续,在矢量水听器表面会存在声散射波,由于散射波的存在,声场中声压会产生畸变。……

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