A Grating Signal Segmentation Method Based on FPGA*
2016-09-09XUDingLIBinhuaYANGXiaohanFacultyofInformationEngineeringandAutomationKunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnologyKunming650500China
XU Ding,LI Binhua,YANG Xiaohan(Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)
A Grating Signal Segmentation Method Based on FPGA*
XU Ding,LI Binhua*,YANG Xiaohan
(Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)
A grating signal segmentation and the direction based on FPGA are adopted in the high precision mea⁃surement,in order to improve the accuracy of the grating segmentation.Firstly,Matlab is used for analysis two origi⁃nal signals and filtered and the filtered DC component of the signal characteristics output from the read head.The feasibility of 1024 subdivision algorithm implementation and hardware circuit are verified,according to structure subdivision algorithm,the grating signal is subdivided and identified direction.Tessellation hardware circuit is di⁃vided into 8 sub-division circuit.Which is 8 segmentation in each cycle of one main signal.Mainly,the accurate cir⁃cuit handles the eight cycle of each signal segment.The results of the test show that the subdivision circuit achieve the 1024 subdivision of the grating,and the high-powered subdivision purpose.
FPGA;grating signal;measurement;subdivision;identify the direction
光栅在自动化测量、高档数控机床及精密加工等领域应用十分广泛。不管是增量式光栅还是绝对式光栅,要达到高精度和高分辨率的测量,通常都需要对光栅的原始正交信号进行整形并对其细分。国内外学者对光栅的细分技术进行了大量的研究,涉及的技术面也很广,方法种类很多,比如光学细分法、电子学细分法和微处理器软件细分法等几大类[1]。光学细分法由于受到制造工艺限制,细分倍数很难提高。电子学细分法和微处理器软件细分法有着细分倍数较高、电路简单、跟踪速度快等特点,调节方便,容易实现数字化测量和智能化控制,因而被广泛运用。但由于受到光栅间隙、衍射、光源、温度以及制造工艺等限制,光栅输出信号含有电平漂移、正弦和余弦信号幅度差太大、正交性等现象,这些因素会影响现有细分方法的精度及可靠性[2]。因为现有细分方法的基础是光栅输出为纯净的标准正弦波信号,所以细分前要尽可能消除上述不良因素的影响。
但是,在生产制造过程中,完全消除上述影响的可能性是不大的。因此,为进行高倍细分,还需要对光栅信号进行补偿和修正[3]。对编码器输出的原始信号,在前端读数头及其后端的细分盒中都需要进行修正[4-5]。根据修正之后波形的特点,提出了一些有针对性的细分方法,其中应用最多的是电子学细分法,每种细分方法都有优缺点。刘世峰[6]使用幅值采样的方法,其硬件结构没有对信号滤波处理,且采用单片机(MCU)作为主处理器,其细分速度和精度受到很大影响。……
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