定量氮磷肥条件下钾肥不同施用量对地膜马铃薯产量、干物质与淀粉含量的影响
2016-09-02尚文艳许志兴赵丽萍陈万翔张翠珍
尚文艳,许志兴,赵丽萍,陈万翔,张翠珍
(1.河北旅游职业学院,河北承德067000;2.承德市农牧局,河北承德067000)
土壤肥料
定量氮磷肥条件下钾肥不同施用量对地膜马铃薯产量、干物质与淀粉含量的影响
尚文艳1*,许志兴2,赵丽萍1,陈万翔1,张翠珍2
(1.河北旅游职业学院,河北承德067000;2.承德市农牧局,河北承德067000)
以马铃薯‘荷兰15’一级良种为试验材料,探讨了定量氮磷肥条件下钾肥5种不同施用量对马铃薯‘荷兰15’的产量、干物质和淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,增加钾肥(K2O)施用量,在一定程度上可以降低小薯产量,提高总产量、商品薯产量、干物质含量、淀粉含量及经济效益。钾肥(K2O)施用量240 kg/hm2的总产量为38 828 kg/ hm2、商品薯产量33 315 kg/hm2、小薯产量5 513 kg/hm2、干物质含量210 g/kg、淀粉含量139.4 g/kg。经济效益12 910元/hm2,高于不施钾肥、钾肥(K2O)施用量60,120和180 kg/hm2的处理。综合考虑,种植马铃薯‘荷兰15’,钾肥(K2O)施用量240 kg/hm2最适宜。
地膜;马铃薯;钾肥;施用量
Abstrraacctt::The impacts of five different potassium fertilizer application rates on yield,and dry matter and starch contents were analyzed using the potato variety'The Netherlands 15'as experimental material.Increasing the potassium fertilizer application rate reduced the yield of the small-sized tuber,but increased the yield of both total potato tuber and marketable potato tuber,and improved the contents of dry matter and starch and economic benefit.When the application rate was at 240 kg/ha,the yield of the total potato tuber,marketable tuber and small-sized tuber was,respectively,38 828,33 315 and 5 513 kg/ha,and the contents of dry matter and starch were 210 and 139.4 g/kg.At this application rate,the economic benefit was 12 910 yuan/ha,being higher than other application rates,i.e.0,60,120 and 180 kg/ha.Therefore,the application rate of 240 kg/ha was optimal for planting'The Netherlands 15'.
Key Worrddss::plastic film;potato;potash;application rate
马铃薯又称地蛋、土豆、洋芋等,与小麦、玉米、稻谷、高粱并称为世界5大作物[1-3],其块茎含有丰富的膳食纤维以及禾谷类粮食所没有的类胡萝卜素和维生素C,所含的维生素总量是胡萝卜的2倍、大白菜的3倍、西红柿的4倍,维生素C含量为蔬菜之最,是一种“十全十美的食物”,深受人们的喜爱。在承德地区地膜马铃薯种植面积占该地区作物总播种面积的50%以上,在当地农民增收、农业增效中起着关键作用。但是,马铃薯是喜钾作物,尤其苗期,钾肥充足植株健壮,茎秆坚实,叶片增厚,抗病力强。钾元素可以延缓叶片的衰老,促进体内蛋白质、淀粉、纤维素及糖类的合成,块茎大,产量高[4,5]。……
