冯　娟　解左平浙江省绍兴市妇幼保健院麻醉科，浙江绍兴　312000

口服麻醉药在四切面彩超筛查小儿先天性心脏病中镇静效果的应用

冯娟解左平
浙江省绍兴市妇幼保健院麻醉科，浙江绍兴312000

目的探讨口服麻醉药在四切面彩超筛查小儿先天性心脏病中镇静效果。方法选取2014年10月～2015年10月来我院筛查小儿先天性心脏病的168例患者，随机分为对照组（30例）、可乐定组（36例）、磷酸可待因片组（34例）、硫酸吗啡缓释片组（32例）、盐酸羟考酮控释片组（36例），对照组给检查前2 h给予口服安慰剂处理，其他各组给予各组对应的口服麻醉药，且各组均采用四切面彩超进行诊查，并对其镇静效果进行观察，筛查结果进行统计。结果①各组筛查结果显示：服用口服麻醉药各组患儿筛查先天性心脏病的准确率明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②与对照组相比，口服麻醉药各组的平均镇静效率和Ramsay评分均有显著上调（P＜0.05）。结论口服麻醉药在四切面彩超筛查小儿先天性心脏病中有镇静效果。

口服麻醉药；四切面彩超；先天性心脏病；镇静效果

［Abstract］Objective To explore the sedative effects of oral anesthetic on four-dimensional color ultrasound in the screening for pediatric congenital heart disease.M ethods 168 patientswith pediatric congenital heart disease who were screened in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2015 were randomly assigned to the control group（30 patients），clonidine group（36 patients），codeine phosphate tablet group（34 patients），morphine sulfate sustained release tablets （32 patients），and oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets group（36 patients）.The control group was orally given placebo 2 h before the examination，and other groups were given oral anesthetics accordingly.Each group was given the examination of four-dimensional color ultrasound.Sedative effects were observed，and the screening results were statistically analyzed.Results①The screening results in each group showed that:the accuracy of screening for congenital heart disease in children patients in the groups orally given anesthetics was significantly higher than that in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）.②Compared with the children patients in the control group，the average sedative effects and Ramsay score in each group orally given anestheticswere all higher （P＜0.05）.Conclusion Oral anesthetics have sedative effects on four-dimensional color ultrasound in the screening for pediatric congenital heart disease.

［Key words］Oral anesthetic；Four-dimensional color ultrasound；Congenital heart disease；Sedative effect

目前，临床上常用的麻醉药的种类繁多。根据给药途径的不同可将其分为吸入麻醉药、口服麻醉药、肌肉或皮下注射麻醉药、静脉注射麻醉药、局部麻醉药、全身麻醉药等几大类［1，2］。其中口服麻醉药因其给药方便、经济，且可免除创伤性给药的不适，同时又能增加患者的独立性等特点被广泛的应用于临床，尤其是在儿童用药方面易被小儿及家长接受［3］。……