吉海龙　　　　　　　伊洪伟　　　　池玉杰

(东北林业大学，哈尔滨，150040)　　　(重庆市农业科学院果树研究所)　　　(东北林业大学)



长枝木霉菌株T05抑菌活性与拮抗机制1)

吉海龙伊洪伟池玉杰

(东北林业大学，哈尔滨，150040)(重庆市农业科学院果树研究所)(东北林业大学)

研究了长枝木霉(Trichodermalongibrachiatum)菌株T05的抑菌活性与拮抗机制，包括菌落的对峙培养试验，挥发性物质和4种分生孢子提取物的抑菌试验。对峙培养试验表明，T05对灰霉病菌(灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea))和杨树烂皮病菌(污黑腐皮壳(Valsasordida))均表现出很强的抑菌活性，抑菌率分别高达88.4%和91.9%；其产生的挥发性物质对B.cinerea有较强的抑菌活性，抑菌率高达91.9%，而对V.sordida抑菌作用较弱，最高为37.2%；甲醇、乙醇、NaOH、超声波破碎水抽提4种分生孢子提取物对V.sordida的抑菌试验表明，NaOH提取物100倍液的抑菌率最高，为76.3%，而甲醇和乙醇提取物的抑菌效果稍弱，超声波水法的提取物仅对病菌有微弱的抑制作用。

长枝木霉；抑菌活性；拮抗机制；灰霉病菌；杨树烂皮病菌

We studied the antifungal activity and antagonistic mechanism ofTrichodermalongibrachiatumstrain T05, including confrontation culture test of dual colonies, antifungal test of volatile substance, and antifungal test of four kinds of conidium extracts. By the confrontation test, T05 had a strong antifungal activity to gray mold fungusBotrytiscinereaand poplar canker fungusValsasordida, and the highest inhibition rates were 88.4% and 91.9%, respectively. The volatile substance produced by T05 had a stronger antifungal activity toB.cinereaand the highest inhibition rate was 91.9%, but it had a weaker antifungal activity toV.sordidaand the highest inhibition rate was only 37.2%. We applied three kinds of solvents-methanol, ethanol, NaOH, and ultrasonic-water, to extract the antifungal active substances of conidia, and measured the inhibition effects of different conidial extracts toV.sordida. The extract with NaOH diluting 100 folds had the highest inhibition rate of 76.33%, whereas, the inhibition rate of extracts with methanol and ethanol was little lower than that with NaOH. But the extracts with ultrasonic-water only had weak inhibition effects.

灰霉病由半知菌的灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea)侵染引起，是一种世界性重要病害，其特点是寄主广泛，能够引起多种植物的坏死。杨树烂皮病又称杨树腐烂病，主要危害杨树，其危害严重，发生普遍。该病在新植杨树中发生较重，严重降低了造林成活率[1]。以往防治这些重要植物病害的途径主要以化学防治为主，但是大量化学药剂的使用不仅对环境造成污染，同时增加了病原菌的抗药性，因此，研究抗植物病原菌的有益拮抗微生物及其代谢产物的抑菌机理，是一种重要的生防途径。……