李洁鹤壁市人民医院儿科，河南鹤壁　458030

豫北地区学龄前儿童急性呼吸道肺炎支原体感染情况调查

李洁
鹤壁市人民医院儿科，河南鹤壁458030

目的 分析本地区学龄前儿童急性呼吸道肺炎支原体感染情况。方法 选取2015年3月—2016年1月间鹤壁市人民医院收治的0～6岁急性呼吸道感染患儿1 780例。入院当日取患儿肘静脉血，胶体金法检测肺炎支原体IgM抗体，分年龄段、性别、季节分析肺炎支原体感染情况，以及重症肺炎支原体分布情况。结果1 780例学龄前患儿中IgM抗体阳性率为15.79%；下呼吸感染肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性率明显高于上呼吸道感染，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。女性患儿中IgM抗体阳性率明显高于男性，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。1～6岁患儿中IgM抗体阳性率明显高于＜1岁患儿，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；1～3岁（不含3岁）和3～6岁患儿中IgM抗体阳性率之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。春季肺炎支原体感染阳性率明显高于其他3个季节，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。3～6岁患儿中重症肺炎支原体感染的发生率明显高于＜1岁患儿，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 豫北地区春季学龄前儿童急性呼吸道肺炎支原体感染率最高，以女性为主，3～6岁为感染高发年龄段；重症肺炎支原体感染多见于年长儿。

学龄前儿童；肺炎支原体；呼吸道感染

［Abstract］Objective To analyze the acute respiratory tract mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pre-school children in northern Henan.Methods 1780 cases of children with acute respiratory tract infection aged 0～6 admitted and treated in our hospital from March 2015 to January 2016 were selected，and the elbow venous blood was extracted on the admission day，mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody was detected by the colloidal gold method，and the mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of different ages，genders and seasons was analyzed，and the mycoplasma pneumoniae distribution was analyzed.Results In 1780 cases of pre-school children，the positive rate of IgM antibody was 15.79%，the positive rate of IgM antibody in the lower respiratory tract was obviously higher than that in the upper respiratory tract，and the difference had statistical significance（P＜0.05），the positive rate of IgM antibody in female was obviously higher than that in male，and the difference had statistical significance（P＜0.05），the positive rate of IgM antibody in children aged 1～6 was obviously higher than that in children less than 1，and the difference had obvious statistical significance（P＜0.01），the difference in the positive rate of IgM antibody between the children aged1～3（3 not included）and children aged 3～6 had no statistical significance（P＞0.05），the positive rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in spring was obviously higher than that in the other three seasons，and the difference had statistical significance（P＜0.05），the incidence rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children aged 3-6 was obviously higher than that in children less than 1，and the difference had obvious statistical significance（P＜0.01）.Conclusion The infection rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pre-school children with acute respiratory tract in northern Henan is highest，and it is women-dominated，the high risk age was from 3 to 6，and the mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is common in elderly children.

［Key words］Preschool children；Mycoplasma pneumoniae；Respiratory tract infection

学龄前儿童中呼吸道感染发病率很高，是学龄前儿童死亡的一个重要原因。肺炎支原体是学龄前儿童呼吸道感染尤其是下呼吸道感染的主要病原体，在引发呼吸道症状的同时还会影响消化、泌尿等多个系统［1］。……