盛超 李孟 黄凌凤 章蕾

摘要：以硅藻土和纤维素为原料，通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出了新型硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂，探究了各种制备条件对助滤剂的影响，并在高岭土悬浊液中对硅藻土、纤维素和硅藻土/纤维素的助滤性能进行了比较，同时研究了硅藻土/纤维素助滤剂对实际微污染水过滤的影响。研究结果表明：复合助滤剂的最佳制备条件为纤硅比0.67，氨水浓度5.0×10-4mol/L，蒸馏水/纤维素40 mL/g，EtOH/硅藻土20 mL/g，60 ℃恒温水浴；硅藻土/纤维素复合助滤剂的助滤性能要明显优于硅藻土和纤维素助滤剂；在微污染原水直接过滤过程中，投加硅藻土/纤维素助滤剂可提高各微污染物的去除率，结合微滤膜深度处理工艺，最终出水水质满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749—2006）的要求。

关键词：硅藻土；纤维素；助滤剂；助滤性能；微污染原水

中图分类号：TU991.2

文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-4764（2016）03-0090-06

Abstract：The diatomite/cellulose filter aids were prepared using raw diatomite and cellulose via sol-gel technique. The effect of cellulose/diatomite， distilled water/cellulose， EtOH/diatomite， ammonia concentration and temperature on the properties of diatomite/cellulose filter aids were investigated. The filtration efficiency of diatomite， cellulose and diatomite/cellulose filter aids was compared. The influence of diatomite/cellulose filter aids on slightly polluted water filtration was studied. Results indicated that when 40 mL distilled water dissolved 1.0 g cellulose， 20 mLEtOH carried 1.5 g diatomite， the ratio of diatomite to cellulose was 0.67， the concentration of ammonia was 5×10-4mol/L， the temperature was 60 ℃，the best diatomite/cellulose filter aids were achieved. The efficiency of diatomite/cellulose filter aids was obviously better than that by diatomite and cellulose filter aids. The pollutants removal efficiency could increase by using the diatomite/cellulose filter aids in the direct filtration process to treat the micro-polluted raw water. The results showed that the combination of filtration and micro-filtration membrane could achieve excellent permeate water， which met the Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB5749—2006）.

Keywords：diatomite； cellulose； filter aids； filter performance；micro-polluted raw water

现如今微污染水体已越来越多地作为人们生活用水水源之一。在微污染水处理过程中直接过滤是常用的一种水处理工艺，而直接过滤时，滤浆中的颗粒极易形成滤饼堵塞过滤介质的孔道，使过滤的效率降低甚至无法继续进行[1]。为解决这一问题，可在过滤时加入助滤剂以强化过滤过程[2]。理想的助滤剂具有空隙率大，孔隙结构丰富，比表面积大和形状不规则，不可压缩的性质，而且可形成结构疏松几乎不可压缩的滤饼，形成通畅的液体流道，从而减小滤饼的过滤阻力。同时可以阻止悬浮液中小颗粒穿透和堵塞过滤介质，提高过滤速度和滤液的澄清度[3]。……