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西太平洋暖池热含量与南海夏季风强度的关系

2016-07-11董玉杰冯俊乔胡敦欣

海洋科学 2016年3期

董玉杰,冯俊乔,胡敦欣

Received: Feb.6,2015Key words: intensity of South China Sea summer monsoon; upper ocean heat content of western Pacific warm pool; Walker circulation; cross equatorial flowAbstract: In this study,we investigate the relationship between the tropical western Pacific upper ocean heat content and the intensity of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM)fron 1948 to 2012,using ocean temperatures from the Japan Meteorology Agency,sea surface temperatures(SSTs)from the Hadley Center,and atmospheric data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis I.The main results are as follows.First,compared with the western Pacific warm pool(WPWP)SSTs,the WPWP upper ocean heat content(HC)is more effective as a predictor of SCSSM intensity.Secondly,the SCSSM intensity is highly related to the WPWP HC of the preceding winter and spring,especially in March.When the HC anomalies are positive,an anomalous anticyclone exists over the tropical Indian Ocean and the Walker circulation is strong over the tropical Indian Ocean.As a result,a westerly anomaly prevails over the tropical north Indian Ocean-South China Sea and the cross-equatorial flow over South China Sea is enhanced.In addition,the subtropical high weakens as its position moves northward.All these variations are favorable for the strengthening of the SCSSM.(本文编辑: 李晓燕)



西太平洋暖池热含量与南海夏季风强度的关系

董玉杰1,2,3,冯俊乔1,3,胡敦欣1,3

(1.中国科学院 海洋研究所,山东 青岛 266071; 2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049; 3.中国科学院 海洋环流与波动重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071)

摘要:为了进一步明确西太平洋暖池热含量对南海夏季风强度的影响,利用 1948~2012年日本气象厅(japan meteorological agency,JMA)逐月的海温资料、Hadley中心的海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析比较了南海夏季风强度与热带太平洋上层海洋热含量和SST的关系; 探讨了海洋热含量影响南海夏季风强度的机制。结果表明:(1)相比于西太暖池SST,西太暖池上层海洋热含量是南海夏季风强度更好的预测因子;(2)前期冬春季的西太平洋暖池热含量与南海夏季风强度呈现显著的正相关,尤其在 3月,二者相关系数最大; 当暖池热含量偏高(低)时,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱(强),赤道印度洋出现异常反气旋(气旋),印度洋上空的 Walker环流分支偏强(弱),南海越赤道气流增强(减弱),最终使得南海夏季风强度偏强(弱)。

关键词:南海夏季风强度; 西太暖池热含量; Walker环流; 越赤道气流

[Foundation: Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA01010101; National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41330963,No.41476017,No.41421005; the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers,No.U1406401]

我国属于典型的季风气候,东亚夏季风对我国人民的生活、生产有重要的影响。而南海夏季风作为东亚夏季风的重要分支,暴发的早晚、强弱与我国夏季雨带的分布有着非常密切的关系。吴尚森等[1]指出南海夏季风强度与我国汛期降水存在显著相关,在南海夏季风强(弱)年,我国夏季雨带型呈Ⅰ(Ⅲ)类分布,长江中下游地区夏季少雨干旱(多雨洪涝)。……

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