热油管道结蜡厚度与经济清管周期计算
2016-07-10王继平王馨艺郝宝健等
王继平 王馨艺 郝宝健 等


摘 要:对热油管道来说,结蜡到一定厚度时,易造成清管过程中蜡堵事故的发生。另外,结蜡还对热油管道的经济运行存在两方面的影响,即增加动力费用和降低热力费用。因此合理预测热油管道的结蜡厚度和经济清管周期尤为重要。介绍了一种普适性结蜡模型和经济清管周期计算模型,在此基础上以日均运行费用最低为目标,开发了热油管道结蜡厚度与经济清管周期预测程序,并以铁岭—新民段管线为例计算说明。指出了该程序的不足和今后研究方向。
关 键 词:热油管道;结蜡;经济清管周期;运行费用
中图分类号:TE 832 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2016)03-0545-04
Abstract: For hot oil pipelines, wax plugging accident easily happens when the wax deposition reaches a certain thickness. The wax deposition has two aspects of effect on the economic operation of waxy hot oil pipeline, including increasing the power cost and reducing the heating cost. So it is especially important to predict wax deposition thicknesses and economic pigging cycles of hot oil pipeline. In this paper, a general wax model and an economic pigging cycle model were introduced, and prediction program of the wax deposition thickness and economic pigging cycle was developed by using average daily operating minimum charges as the target. Taking Tieling-Xinmin pipeline calculation as a case, the calculation was carried out. Meanwhile, the shortage of this program and the direction of the future research were pointed out.
Key words: Hot oil pipeline; Wax deposition; Economic pigging cycle; Operating cost
我国所产原油80%以上为含蜡原油,世界范围内含蜡原油的产量也在不断增加[1],此类原油输送主要采用加热输送工艺。热油管道由于油温与管壁温度的差异很容易结蜡,当结蜡到一定厚度时,在清管过程中易造成蜡堵事故发生,对管道的安全运行产生严重的威胁。另外,结蜡还对管道运行费用有两方面相互矛盾的影响:一方面结蜡会减小有效管径,增大流动阻力,从而增加动力费用;另一方面结蜡能减小管道传热系数,降低散热损失,从而降低热力费用[2]。在一个清管周期内管道运行费用主要包括:动力费用、热力费用以及一次性清管费用。随着运行时间延长,结蜡增厚导致每天动力费用增加热力费用降低,同时平均到每天的清管费用也降低,因而必然存在某个时间使得管道每天平均运行费用最低,该时间段即为经济清管周期。……
