齐超 李东妍 李东昕 等

摘 要：因稠油乳状液在生产和运输过程中带来的各种经济损失，所以其被称为石油行业内最为棘手的问题之一。采用RV2旋转流变仪对不同含水率下欢喜岭稠油表观粘度和流变特性进行测定。研究发现，影响稠油乳状液流变特性的因素为：温度、剪切速率和含水率；50 ℃为稠油乳状液的牛顿流体转化温度点；含水40%时乳状液发生转相，由油包水型乳状液转变为水包油型乳状液。稠油流变性的研究和牛顿流体转化温度点、转相点的测定对稠油管道输送、设计和改造有着重要意义。

关 键 词：稠油乳状液；流变特性；转化温度；转相点

中图分类号：TE81 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1671-0460（2016）03-0466-03

Experimental Study on Rheology of Huanxiling Watery Heavy Oil

QI Chao1， LI Dong-yan2， LI Dong-xin3， WU Yu-guo1， JIANG Ya-jie4， YU Huan1

（1. College of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering，Liaoning Shihua University， Liaoning Fushun 113001， China；

2. PetroChina Pipeline Changchun Oil&Gas Transportation Sub-company，Jilin Changchun 130011，China

3. PetroChina Shenyang Longchang Pipeline Survey Center，Liaoning Shenyang 110168，China；

4. China Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Bureau the First Engineering Branch， Heibei Langfang 065000， China）

Abstract： The heavy oil emulsion can bring out various economic losses during the production and transportation， so it is known as one of the most difficult issues in the oil industry. apparent viscosity and rheology characteristics of Huanxiling heavy oil with different moisture were measured with RV2 rotational rheometer. The results show that temperature， shear rate and moisture are the main factors to affect the rheological properties of heavy oil emulsion. Newtonian fluid transition temperature point of heavy oil emulsion is 50 ℃；Emulsion phase inversion occurs when moisture is 40%， at this time water-in-oil emulsion turns into oil-in-water emulsion. Research on rheological properties of heavy oil and measuring of the Newtonian fluid transition temperature points and phase inversion point are very important for heavy oil pipeline transportation， design and renovation.

Key words： Heavy oil emulsion； Rheological properties； Transformed temperature； Phase transfer point

油包水或水包油型乳状液的液滴尺寸分散通常在微米的范围内[1]。乳状液越稳定，其流动特性的变化越缓慢[2]。在石油工业中，通常在井孔出口处原油与水混合形成乳状液，油水混合物经过阀门、泵的搅拌等

容易形成油包水型或水包油型乳状液，这种稠油乳状液在生产和运输过程中会带来各种经济损失，因此其被称为石油行业内最棘手的问题[3]。在所有石油生产阶段中，稠油乳状液流变性的研究对稠油管道输送、设计、改造和提高稠油的回收利用率等方面都是必不可少的[4]。

1 实验部分

1.1 实验材料

实验所用的稠油（含水率为10%）取自辽河油田欢喜岭采油厂五区联合站。 通过高剪切分散乳化机分别配制含水率（质量分数）为20%，30%，40%，50%，60%的稠油乳状液。

1.2 实验仪器及原理