基于Walker 256恶性胸水模型的中药甘遂量毒效关系研究
2016-07-09沈娟唐于平徐远超开钧宿树兰钱大玮张丽段金廒
沈娟 唐于平 徐远超 开钧 宿树兰 钱大玮 张丽 段金廒



[摘要]該文考察中药甘遂的量毒效关系,探讨甘遂的毒效变化特点,为临床安全合理用药提供科学依据。以恶性胸水模型为研究对象,在较大剂量范围内(甘遂0045~1620 g·kg-1·d-1)考察甘遂对实验动物生化指标、胸水量等的影响,并通过因子分析方法综合评价甘遂的量毒效关系。结果显示,模型组大鼠具有较多的胸水量,且与空白组比较,ALT,AST,LDH,HBDH,IFNγ,IL2,TNFα显著升高(P<005),TP,ALB降低(P<005)。给药后,与模型组比较,各组可不同程度的减少胸水量,降低IFNγ,IL2,TNFα,升高TP,ALB,体现出一定的治疗作用,同时引起ALT,AST,LDH,HBDH升高,体现出一定的肝、心脏毒性。通过因子分析从9个指标中抽提出2个公因子,共解释了891%的信息。结果表明,甘遂在《中国药典》剂量范围内单独给药没有见到明显毒性,在药典高限3倍剂量下可产生肝脏、心脏毒性,随着剂量增加,毒性增强;同时甘遂具有“峻下逐水”功效,可减少恶性胸水模型大鼠的胸水量及改善相关生理指标,且具有剂量依赖性。综合分析其毒效特点,甘遂药典高限剂量为其相对最佳治疗剂量。
[关键词]甘遂;量毒效关系;因子分析;恶性胸水
[Abstract]To investigate the dosagetoxicityefficacy relationship of Kansui Radix, explore its regularity of the toxicity and efficacy change, and provide scientific basis for its clinical rational application, the malignant pleural effusion models were used to observe the effect of Kansui Radix with larger dose range (00451620 g·kg·d-1 for Kansui Radix) on biochemical indexes and hydrothorax volume in experimental animals Factor analysis method was also used to comprehensively assess the dosagetoxicityefficacy relationship of Kansui Radix The results showed that the rats in model group had larger hydrothorax volume, and ALT, AST, LDH, HBDH, IFNγ, IL2 and TNFα levels were significantly increased (P<005), while TP and ALB levels were decreased (P<005) as compared with the blank group After drug administration, various treatment groups decreased hydrothorax volume, IFNγ, IL2, TNFα and increased TP and ALB levels as compared with model group, indicating certain therapeutic effect; and increased ALT, AST, LDH and HBDH levels, indicating certain liver and cardiac toxicity In the factor analysis, two common factors were extracted from nine indexes, explaining 891% of the information The analysis results suggested that there was no obvious toxicity in case of independent use of Kansui Radix within the dosage range set in pharmacopeia, while it would produce liver toxicity and cardiac toxicity upon 3 times of the dosage set in pharmacopeia, and the toxicity was increased with the increase of dose At the same time, Kansui Radix can decrease the hydrothorax volume in malignant pleural effusion models and improve relevant physical indexes in a dosedependent manner Comprehensive analysis results of its toxic effect characteristics indicated that the upperlimit dose of Kansui Radix in pharmacopeia shall be regarded as the relatively optimal therapeutic dose
[Key words]Kansui Radix; dosagetoxicityefficacy relationship; factor analysis; malignant pleural effusion
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20160923
中医药是中华民族的瑰宝,经过几千年的临床实践检验,为中华民族的繁荣昌盛做出了巨大贡献[12]。疗效是中医药得以存续以及发展的根本,提高其疗效则是目前振兴中医药事业的首要之策。中医自古认为“中医不传之秘在于量”,这说明剂量是保证中药临床安全有效的重要因素,也说明了中药量毒效关系的复杂性[34]。
甘遂为大戟科植物甘遂Euphorbia kansui TN Liou ex TP Wang的干燥块根,是我国传统中药,历代本草皆有收载,具有泄水逐饮、消肿散结的功效[5]。甘遂功效显著、作用迅猛,被称为“泄水圣药”;同时又具有毒效并存的特点,在《神农本草经》中列为下品。李慧玉等[6]研究发现甘遂对水负荷小鼠具有较好的利尿作用,但对肾脏产生一定的毒性。甘遂经醋炙后,可降低其肾脏毒性,同时利尿作用增强[7]。姜玮等[8]研究表明,甘遂对斑马鱼具有明显毒性作用,并具有一定的量毒关系。笔者在前期研究中[9]亦发现甘遂对小鼠具有一定的肝、肾毒性。甘遂虽药效显著,但因其存在毒性,故在临床上的应用受到很大限制。……
