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基于第三方物流服务的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制

2016-06-17梅中亚

物流科技 2016年6期

梅中亚

摘 要:针对双渠道闭环供应链的问题,并且考虑第三方物流企业同时提供正向物流和逆向回收物流服务,基于博弈论的理论考虑了制造商、零售商和第三方物流构成的再制造闭环供应链中产品的批发价、销售价、直销价、回收价及回收转移价等的确定。对比和分析了集中决策和分散决策中供应链的利润情况,得出两种模式下利润的差异。为了实现系统利润最优、各方共赢,采用了费用共担—收入共享契约进行协调,并以实例进行验证。

关键词:闭环供应链;协调;博弈论;费用共担—收入共享契约

中图分类号:F253 文献标识码:A

Abstract: Taking the service of TPL into consideration through the whole chain and aiming at the coordination problem of dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, we address how the agents make their price decision including wholesale price, retail price, direct price, collection price and return transfer price based on game theory. By comparing the profit between centralized decision and decentralized decision, it's obvious that the profit in the centralized decision is more than that in the decentralized decision. In order to coordinate these benefit conflicts between these firms and achieve perfect outsourcing logistics channel coordination and a win-win outcome, this paper adopts the profit and expense sharing contract and finally an example is given to verify the pricing strategy and profit distribution.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain; coordination; game theory; profit and expense sharing contract

0 引 言

随着我国改革开放进程的延续,人们的生活水平逐步改善和提高,对于自然生态和身边环境的关注也是与日俱增。与此同时,国家也出台了相应的节能环保的政策,促使企业采取适当的战略和措施,加强自身的环保和节能减排。因此,对于供应链上的企业而言,如何有效地生产合格产品和回收再制造成为不能忽视的问题。闭环供应链在传统的正向供应链基础上加上了逆向反馈过程(逆向供应链)而形成了一个完整的闭环系统[1-2]。

近年来,闭环供应链问题引起了企业界和学术界的广泛关注。其研究主要内容包括逆向物流的回收和重新利用、供应链结构设计、运作模式和协调机制等[3]。为了保持自己核心的竞争能力,许多企业纷纷将自己的非核心业务外包给第三方服务提供商,而整个供应链环节的相应价格会对系统的最优利润产生影响,因此如何协调供应链系统的费用和收益已经成为了企业和学者们关注的重大问题。……

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