不同覆膜模式对棉花生长发育及产量的影响?
2016-06-14彭小峰张巨松刘素华李慧琴彭延张选
彭小峰 张巨松 刘素华 李慧琴 彭延 张选



摘要:通过对一膜两行与一膜四行覆膜模式下棉花农艺性状、纤维品质和产量的研究,分析两模式下棉铃和果节的空间分布情况及差异,以及果枝生长、产量和纤维品质的差异。结果表明:一膜两行比一膜四行棉花株高高,单株果枝层数多、茎秆粗、结铃多、果枝长、果节多、蕾铃脱落率低、单铃重大、绒长长、不孕籽率低、衣分高;一膜四行比一膜两行叶枝数多,始果枝着生节位高。两种种植模式,上部叶片的光合速率、籽指和籽棉产量差异不大。
关键词:种植模式;棉花;生长发育;产量
中图分类号: S562.047 文献标识码: A 文章编号:2095-3143(2016)03-0018-04
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.03.004
Effect of Different Film Mulch Modes on the Growth
and Yield of Cotton
Peng Xiaofeng1,2, Zhang Jusong1, Liu Suhua2,
Li Huiqin2, Peng Yan2, Zhang Xuan2
(1.Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, China; 2.Agricultural Science Research Institute of Third division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tumu Shuker 843900, China)
Abstract: Through studying on the agronomic traits, fiber quality and yield of cotton in two modes (a film of two lines or four lines), this paper analyzed the spatial distribution and differences of cotton bolls and fruit node, and the differences of fruit spur growth, yield and fiber quality in the two modes. The result indicated that the effects under a film of two lines mode had higher plant height, larger number of branches per plant, thicker stem, higher boll setting, longer fruit branch, higher fruit nodes, lower shedding rate of buds and bolls, higher single boll weight, longer fiber length, lower sterile seed rate, higher lint than a film four rows; but effects under a film of four lines mode had multipler leaf branch, higher growing position of the first fruiting branch node than a film of two lines mode. Under two planting patterns, the upper leaf photosynthetic rate, seed index and seed cotton yield had little difference.
Key words: Planting pattern; Cotton; Growth and development; Yield
0引言
合理密植有利于充分利用地力、提高光能利用率[1],是实现棉花高产高效的重要技术途径[2]。新疆棉区热量不足时棉花高产的主要限制因素,但光能资源丰富,针对此问题,通过“以密争温”、“以膜增温”、“以密争光”等核心理论,形成了“矮、密、早、膜”的技术路线。但密度过高会使群体光合生产力下降,产量下滑,光能对温度的补偿效应降低[3]。种植密度对铃数和铃重的影响也较大[4]。国内有较多学者研究了不同栽培模式下株行距配置或密度不同对农艺性状和产量性状的影响[],但在南疆特殊气候条件下覆膜方式不同对棉花生长发育和产量的影响研究实少。因此,作者对南疆棉区一膜两行与一膜四行两种主要覆膜模式进行了研究,旨在为生产上应用提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料和设计……p>
