范淑芳 简大为 周志翔 宁国贵

摘要：【目的】筛选适宜蓝莓品种阳光蓝（Sunshine Blue）的离体繁殖条件，建立阳光蓝组培快繁体系。【方法】以阳光蓝无菌苗茎段为外植体进行离体繁殖，筛选适合其芽增殖及生根的培养基类型、茎段起始芽数、细胞分裂素、生长素、pH及活性炭（AC）添加量。【结果】阳光蓝茎段在WPM培养基中增殖芽数最多，培养60 d时平均芽长较长，可作为阳光蓝茎段增殖较佳的基本培养基；以起始芽数2芽茎段接种到WPM+2.0 mg/L ZT+0.01 mg/L IBA培养基上，培养30 d时增殖芽数为10.25个，显著多于其他增殖培养基（P<0.05），培养60 d时增殖芽数达17.43个，增殖效果明显优于其他增殖培养基。在生根培养中，当生长素为0.10 mg/L IBA、添加1000.0 mg/L AC、培养90 d时生根率达87.50%，明显优于其他生根培养基。【结论】阳光蓝组培苗的离体繁殖以带2个芽茎段在WPM+2.0 mg/L ZT+0.01 mg/L IBA中进行增殖培养、在1/2WPM+0.10 mg/L IBA+1000.0 mg/L AC中进行生根培养效果较佳。

关键词： 蓝莓；阳光蓝；离体繁殖；条件筛选

中图分类号： S663.035.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）11-1897-06

Abstract：【Objective】The present study was conducted to screen in vitro propagation condition for Vaccinium spp. Sunshine Blue in order to establish a rapid propagation system for blueberry Sunshine Blue. 【Method】In this experiment，using Sunshine Blues aseptic seedling stems as explants， proper medium， initial shoot number， cytokinins， auxins， pH value and activated carbon（AC） content which were suitable for shoot proliferation and rooting were screened. 【Result】At shoot proliferation stage，the stems cultured in WPM medium had the largest number of proliferation shoots and the average shoot length was long after 60 days of culture. Therefore， WPM medium could be used as a proper medium for stem proliferation. Inoculating the stems with two initial shoots into WPM+2.0 mg/L ZT+0.01 mg/L IBA medium， the number of proliferation shoots was 10.25 after 30 days of culture， significantly more than those in other media（P<0.05）； the number reached 17.43 after 60 days of culture， which was more than those in other media. At rooting stage，the stems cultured in medium with 0.10 mg/L IBA auxin， 1000.0 mg/L activated carbon realized 87.5% rooting rate after 90 days of culture， which was higher than those cultured in other media. 【Conclusion】In terms of in vitro propagation of Vaccinium spp. Sunshine Blue stems with two initial shoots， the optimal medium for shoot proliferation is WPM+2.0 mg/L ZT+0.01 mg/L IBA， the most appropriate rooting medium is 1/2WPM+0.10 mg/L IBA+1000.0 mg/L AC.

Key words： Vaccinium spp.； Sunshine Blue； in vitro propagation； condition screening

0 引言

【研究意义】蓝莓（Vaccinium spp.）又名越橘、蓝浆果，为杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）乌饭树（越橘）属（Vaccinium）多年生落叶灌木，其果实富含花色素苷、黄酮等生理活性成分，具有增强心脏功能、明目及抗癌等独特功效（Bliss，2002；Atalay et al.，2003；周剑忠等，2014），能有效预防脑神經衰老及糖尿病等疾病发生（杨红澎和蒋与刚，2010）。蓝莓是美国主栽果树品种（於虹和贺善安，2013），近年来在我国得到迅速发展，已成为我国最具发展潜力的果树品种之一，种苗供不应求（饶宝蓉等，2014）。通过组织培养和脱毒技术育苗可比常规方法育苗获得更多、更健壮的种苗，但蓝莓品种间差异较明显，组织培养过程中所使用的基本培养基各不相同。阳光蓝（Sunshine Blue）作为国内新引进的优良蓝莓品种（叶振风等，2015），其离体繁殖的最佳培养条件尚未清楚。因此，筛选适合阳光蓝离体繁殖的条件，建立其组培快繁体系，对实现其工厂化育苗具有重要意义。……