陆专灵 钟一治 赵忠添 雷燕 韦友传 张益峰

摘要：【目的】明确黄喉拟水龟白眼病的病原菌及其药敏特性，为该病的防控提供参考依据。【方法】对患白眼病的黄喉拟水龟进行无菌解剖、划线培养、分离筛选，对分离获得的菌株进行培养特征、生理生化特性鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析及同源性比对分析，通过动物致病性试验鉴定致病性，并采用药敏试验检验其耐药性。【结果】从患白眼病黄喉拟水龟稚龟肝脏、肺脏及脾脏中分离获得的优势菌株对小白鼠和黄喉拟水龟均有强的致病性，为兼性厌氧、产酸、产气、发酵型、无运动能力的革兰氏阴性杆菌，其16S rDNA序列（GenBank登录号KU855372）与肺炎克雷伯菌（Klebsiella pneumoniae）的同源性达99.1%。分离菌株对恩诺沙星、头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟、氧氟沙星等高度敏感，但对链霉素、新霉素、青霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、克林霉素、强力霉素、阿莫西林、复方新诺明等已产生耐药性。【结论】肺炎克雷伯菌是引起黄喉拟水龟白眼病的主要病原菌，生产中可选用恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星等沙星类或头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟等头孢类药物进行防治。

关键词： 黄喉拟水龟；白眼病；分离；鉴定；药敏试验

中图分类号： S947.12 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）11-1974-05

Abstract：【Objective】Pathogen of withe eye disease in Mauremys mutica and its drug sensitivity characteristics were confirmed in order to provide reference for prevention and control of the disease. 【Method】Sterile anatomy， streak culture， isolation and selection were applied on M. muticas with withe eye disease. Cultural characteristics and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated strains were identified， 16S rDNA sequence analysis and homology comparison were conducted. Pathogenicity was identified through animal pathogenic experiment and drug resistance was identified through drug sensitivity test. 【Result】A dominant strain was isolated from liver， lung and spleen of M. mutica with withe eye disease， which was strongly pathogenic to mice and M. mutica. The isolated strain was identified to be a gram-negative bacillus with facultative anaerobic， acidogenicity， aerogenesis， fermentation and no exercise ability. The 16S rDNA sequences of the isolated strain（GenBank accession number： KU855372） and that of Klebsiella pneumoniae had 99.1% homology. The isolated strain was hypersensitive to enrofloxacin， cephalothin， cefotaxime and ofloxacin， but showed drug resistance to streptomycin， neomycin， penicillin， kanamycin， tetracycline， clindamycin， doxycycline， amoxicillin and compound sulfamethoxazole. 【Conclusion】K. pneumoniae is one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing withe eye disease of M. mutica. Quinolone and cephalosporin analogues such as enrofloxacin， ofloxacin cephalothin and cefotaxime can be used to prevent and control the disease.

Key words： Mauremys mutica； withe eye disease； isolation； identification； drug sensitivity test

0 引言

【研究意義】黄喉拟水龟（Mauremys mutica）隶属于龟鳖目淡水龟科，自然分布于越南、日本及我国的东部和南部等地，是具有较高经济价值的拟水龟品种之一（赵忠添等，2007）。黄喉拟水龟在稚龟阶段极易发生白眼病，其临床症状主要表现为眼部发炎充血、眼睛肿大、眼睛外表有黄白色分泌物，病龟精神不振、反应迟顿，不时用前肢抓挠眼部，常浮在水面、张口呼吸，嘴角流出黏液等。……