杜伟 陈松 刘永辉 杨建设 冉瑞法 储一宁

摘要：【目的】篩选适合云南不同海拔地区生态栽培的优质、高产、抗性强的桑树品种，解决蚕桑生产中桑树品种单一的问题，促进云南蚕桑产业健康持续发展。【方法】以农桑14号为对照，对云桑3号、云桑4号、强桑1号、强桑2号、鲁插1号等12个桑树品种的生物性状（发芽期、发芽率、生长芽率、停止生长期和桑叶硬化期）、产叶量（新梢条数、枝条长、米条片叶量、公斤叶片数和株产叶量）、黄叶率、止芯率及抗病虫性进行调查。【结果】各参试桑树品种的生物性状和产量均表现不同，发芽最晚的品种与发芽最早的品种相差近1个月，昌盛、云桑4号、鲁插3号、强桑1号、丰田2号、强桑2号、皖桑1号、鲁插2号等8个桑树品种的株产叶量均较对照（1.790 kg）高，且以昌盛的株产叶量最高，较对照提高了21.6%。在养蚕成绩方面，以投喂丰田2号的效果最佳。各参试桑树品种间无明显的抗红蜘蛛、桑橙瘿蚊为害特征差异；鲁插2号、云桑3号、强桑2号、鲁插3号的抗桑褐斑病较强；强桑2号和鲁插2号的桑疫病自然发病率、病情指数均为零，其抗桑疫病最强；各参试桑树品种间亦无明显的抗旱性特征差异。【结论】云桑4号、云桑3号、强桑1号、强桑2号、昌盛、鲁插3号、丰田2号、皖桑1号、鲁插2号的综合表现良好，建议在云南新栽桑园和低产桑园改良中推广应用。

关键词： 桑树；新品种；生物性状；产量；抗逆性

中图分类号： S888.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）12-2157-06

Abstract：【Objective】The present study was conducted to screen mulberry varieties of high quality， high yield and strong stress resistance for ecological cultivation of different altitude in Yunnan， solve the current problem of single mulberry varieties and promote sustainable and sound development of Yunnan sericulture industry. 【Method】Nongsang 14 was taken as control， biological characteristics（germination period， germination rate， growth bud rate， stationary growth period， and mulberry leaf hardening stage）， leaf yield（new shoot number， branch length， leaf yield of per meter branch， number of leaves per kilogram and leaf yield per plant）， yellow leaf rate， stationary branch growth rate and diseases and insect resistance of 12 mulberry varieties（Yunsang 3， Yunsang 4， Qiangsang 1，Qiangsang 2， Lucha 1 and others） were investigated. 【Result】Results showed that the biological characteristics and yield of each variety were different. There was one month gap between the variety with the earliest germination time and the one with latest germination time. Leaf yield per plant of eight varieties（Changsheng， Yunsang 4， Lucha 3， Qiangsang 1， Fengtian 2， Qiangsang 2， Wansang 1 and Lucha 2） were higher than control variety（1.790 kg）. Changsheng had the highest yield and increased 21.6% compared with control. In sericulture， feeding silkworms Fengtian 2 had the most effective output. No obvious difference on anti Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisoduval and Diplosis mori Yokoyama properties was observed among all the varieties. Lucha 2， Yunsang 3， Qiangsang 2， and Lucha 3 had stronger resistance to brown patch. Mulberry bacterial blights natural incidence and disease index of Qiangsang 2 and Lucha 2 were 0， hence their resistances to mulberry bacterial blight were the strongest. All of the varieties did not show obvious drought resistance performance. 【Conclusion】Yunsang 4， Yunsang 3， Qiangsang 1， Qiangsang 2， Changsheng， Lucha 3， Fengtian 2， Wansang 2 and Lucha 2 have favorable overall performances， which are recommended to be promoted in newly planted mulberry fields and low yield mulberry fields in Yunnan province.

Key words： mulberry； new variety； biological character； yield； stress resistance

0 引言

【研究意义】蚕桑业是云南省重点打造的高原特色农业产业之一。……