高考介词考点例析
2016-05-30刘玉
刘玉
介词是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中它的主要考点有:介词的基本用法;介词短语的用法;介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配;介词与非谓语动词连用;with的复合结构。
[对介词的基本用法的考查]
例1 (2015新课标Ⅰ卷) ... For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
解析 by。考查介词by的基本用法,by在这里用来表示方式,如:by boat/bus/car/plane/air/land/sea,意为“乘船/公共汽车/轿车/飞机/飞机/经陆路/海路”。
例2 (2015新课标Ⅰ卷·改错) ... Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.
解析 on→with。考查介词with的基本用法,意为“随着……”。如:The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. (随着太阳西沉,影子越来越长。)
点拨 从历年高考题可以看出,介词类考题主要是考查一些常用介词的基本含义,这就要求同学们掌握常用介词的基本用法。英语的常用介词包括in,on,at,by,to,for,from,before,after,about,over,above,under,with等。介词的用法多而杂,一个介词可能有多种不同的用法;一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在备考中必须逐一掌握每个介词的用法,弄清楚易混介词的用法异同,能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。
[对介词短语的考查]
例3 (2015新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空) ... Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 , it also gave my kids the 60 (sweet) taste of helping others. Itll go a long way with them.
59. A. need B. love
C. fear D. memory
解析 A。考查的是介词in构成的介词短语。in need意为“在贫困中,在危难中”, in love意为“相爱”, in fear意为“恐惧地”, in memory“在记忆中”。根据上下文语境可知,选项A符合题意。
例4 (2014新课标Ⅰ卷·改错) ... As result, the plants are growing somewhere.
解析 此题应在as和result中间加上a,考查的是介词短语as a result, 意为“结果”。
例5 (2013新课标Ⅰ卷·改错) ... In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during(应改为when) they came over to play or do homework with me.
解析 此题应去掉a,考查的是介词短语in fact, 意为“事实上”。
点拨 介词短语的结构固定,含义特定,但需将其分类,然后再理解记忆。例如:
1. on show/display/sale/strike/duty/trial等;
2. of value/importance/use/color/age/size/height/weight/significance等;
3. to ones joy/surprise/pleasure/sorrow/delight/astonishment等;
4. in surprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight等;
5. by air/bicycle/boat/bus/car/plane/train等;
6. out of breath/control/question/sight等。
[对介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配的考查]
例6 (2014新课标Ⅰ卷·改错) ... Nearly five years before(应改为ago), and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.
