付晖　廖建和

摘 要 以1990、2000、2006和2015年Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像为数据源，从城市整体和行政区不同空间尺度分析26 a间海口市城市绿地演变规律；应用citygreen模型，计算海口市和各行政区的城市绿地生态效益，探讨绿地生态效益演变特征。结果表明：1990～2015年间，海口市主城区城市绿地面积总量萎缩显著，共减少3 611.8 hm2，其中以琼山区降幅最大，其次是美兰区和秀英区，龙华区降幅最小。绿地固碳和空气污染物清除两项生态效益演变趋势一致，海口和各行政区绿地生态效益整体均呈下降趋势，生态效益演变特征与绿地变化规律并不一致，其中美兰区绿地生态效益下降最多，减少了41.8%，其次为龙华区和秀英区，分别减少26.7%和26.6%；琼山区最低，减少11.5%。说明影响绿地生态效益变化的因素除了绿地面积外，与绿地斑块大小呈正相关。

关键词 城市绿地；生态效益；演变；海口

中图分类号 Q14 文献标识码 A

Abstract The remote-sensing image of Landsat TM/ETM for years of 1990， 2000， 2006 and 2015 was regarded as the data source to extract the information of urban green space， analyzing the evolution rule of green space in Haikou during the 26 years from the different space scale of the city as a whole and administrative region. In addition， the Citygreen model was implemented to calculate the ecological effect of urban green space of Haikou and each administrative region so as to discuss the evolution characteristics of the ecological effect of urban green space. The results showed that： from 1990 to 2015， the total area of urban green space in main Haikou was shrunk significantly by 3 611.8 hm2， and among the regions， Qiongshan District declined obviously， the following were Meilan and Xiuyingt， Longhua had the smallest reduction. The green space carbon sequestration and air pollutant removal showed the same evolutionary trend， meanwhile， the ecological effect in Haikou and administrative regions presented a downward tendency. However， the evolution characteristics of the ecological effect and the green space change rule were not consistent. The Meilan District got the highest rate of change for ecological effect of green space by declining 41.8%， then Longhua and Xiuying with 26.7% and 26.6%. respectively Qiongshan was ranked the lowest of 11.5%. These indicated that in addition to the green space area， the factors affecting the change of ecological effect of green space were positively correlated with green patch size.

Key words Urban green space； Ecological effect； Evolution； Haikou

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.06.025

城市綠地在城市复合生态系统中是最富生命力的元素，能够调节城市环境，是城市环境的“绿色卫士”[1]。但随着城市扩张，人口急剧膨胀，工业化进程加快，土地利用方式发生了极大的转变，由于缺少直接的经济投入和产出，城市绿地受到挤压和侵蚀，绿地面积不断减少[2]。因此怎样在有限的城市空间中，寻求城市发展和生态环境建设的平衡，通过调整绿地空间布局有效增加绿地生态效益，成为迫在眉睫的问题。

20世纪90年代美国林业署设计的Citygreen模型，是应用于城市环境效益评价和生态环境空间分析的极佳工具。……