胡尽美

[时间状语从句]

主要由when，whenever，after，before，as，（ever）since，once，as soon as，（not）until，while等连词引导。

1. 比较while， when， as。

（1）as， when引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car， a man came up to me.

（2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。

When you have finished your work， you may have a rest.

（3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when或while。

As the day went on， the weather got worse.

2. 表示“一……就……”的结构，hardly/scarcely ... when/before， no sooner ... than和as soon as都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。如：

I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

As soon as I got home， it began to rain.

注意 如果hardly，scarcely或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：

Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

例1 One Friday， we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.

A. after B. while

C. since D. when

解析 D。句意表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing ... when表示“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，是一种常见结构。

例2 It was April 29， 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A. that B. when

C. since D. before

解析 B。句意：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。

例3 I used to love that film I was a child， but I dont feel it that way any more.

A. once B. when

C. since D. although

解析 B。句意：当我还是一个小孩子的时候， 我喜欢那部影片。when引导时间状语从句表示 “当……的时候”；C项也可引导时间状语从句， 但意思为 “自从……以来”。

例4 I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

A. when B. than

C. until D. after

解析 A。考查固定句型hardly ... when ... 的用法，要辨认出固定句型hardly ... when ...。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。

[地点状语从句]

地点状语从句通常由where，wherever引导。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.

我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

例5 A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.

A. when B. where

C. before D. until

解析 B。此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。

例6 If you happen to get lost in the wild， youd better stay ______ you are and wait for help.

A. why B. where

C. who D. what

解析 B。where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。

[方式状语从句]

方式状语从句通常由as， （just） as ... so ... ， as if， as though引导。

（1）as， （just） as ... so ... 引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just） as ... so ... 结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如……”，“就像”，多用于正式文体。如：

As water is to fish， so air is to man.

我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Always do to the others as you would be done by.

你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

Just as we sweep our rooms， so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。