132例鼻咽癌患者精确放疗的护理干预
2016-05-04黄显玉张宗春温红
黄显玉 张宗春 温红
【摘要】 目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者精确放疗的护理干预的临床疗效。方法 132例鼻咽癌患者, 均采用直线加速器(瓦里安或医科达)6MV-X线, 调强适形放疗(IMRT), 具体剂量为:GTVtumor(原发肿瘤)DT 70 Gy/35 f, CTV1(高危区)DT 60~66 Gy/30~33 f, CTV2(低危区)DT 50 Gy/25 f, 实施放射治疗前、中、后系统全面的护理干预。结果 132例患者无间断全部完成放射治疗, 所有患者均有不同程度放疗反应。放疗结束后3个月, 磁共振成像(MRI)复查肿瘤完全消退85例, 肿瘤残留47例。结论 系统全面合理的护理干预, 可有效减轻放射治疗不良反应, 增加患者舒适度, 提高放疗依从性, 增强治疗信心, 顺利完成全程放疗。
【关键词】 鼻咽癌;精确放疗;护理干预;放疗依从性
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.11.155
Nursing intervention in accurate radiotherapy for 132 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients HUANG Xian-yu, ZHANG Zong-chun, WEN Hong. Radiotherapy Center, Qingdao City Central (Tumor) Hospital, Qingdao 266042, China
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate clinical effect by nursing intervention in accurate radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Methods A total of 132 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients received linear accelerator (Varian or Elekta) by 6MV-X line and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), with specific dose as DT 70 Gy/35 f for GTV tumor (primary tumor), DT 60~66 Gy/30~33 f for CTV1 (high risk region), and DT 50 Gy/25 f for CTV2 (low risk region). Systematic and complete nursing intervention was applied before, during and after radiotherapy. Results All the 132 patients finished continuous radiotherapy, with various degree of radiotherapy reactions. In 3 months after radiotherapy, reexamination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed 85 cases with complete tumor regression and 47 cases with residual tumor. Conclusion Implement of systematic and complete nursing intervention can effectively relieve adverse reactions in radiotherapy, while it improves comfort degree, compliance and confidence in patients to receive successful and complete radiotherapy.
【Key words】 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Accurate radiotherapy; Nursing intervention; Radiotherapy compliance
鼻咽癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤之一, 我国发病率有明显的地域差异。其根治性治疗手段为放射治疗, 或以放疗为主的综合治疗。但因其放射治疗靶区位置较浅, 皮肤剂量相对较高, 且治疗部位皮肤薄、皱褶多, 汗腺和皮脂腺分泌活跃, 加之照射范围较大或同步放化疗, 因此患者放疗不良反应重, 治疗依从性及耐受性差, 最终导致治疗中断或延迟。为了减轻放疗反应, 提高患者放疗依从性, 保证放疗按计划进行。本文就此情况进行了相关研究, 现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 选取2014年9月~2015年9月收治的132例患者中, 男110例, 女22例, 年龄29~82岁, 平均年龄47岁。分期按1992年福州分期:Ⅰ期21例、Ⅱ期36例、Ⅲ期56例、Ⅳ期19例;角化性鳞癌32例、非角化性癌93例、腺癌7例。
1. 2 治疗方法 全组患者均采用直线加速器(瓦里安或医科达)6MV-X线, 调……
