顺藤摸瓜巧猜词义
——词义猜测题解题技巧
2016-04-14欧阳芳
文/欧阳芳
顺藤摸瓜巧猜词义
——词义猜测题解题技巧
文/欧阳芳
猜词能力是英语应用能力的重要指标。要准确把握词义猜测题,一方面我们需要较大的泛读量,掌握较多的课外词汇,同时若能巧妙联系上下文来理解,把握顺藤摸瓜的技巧,通过构词、定义、逻辑(如对比、因果等)、常识等线索,我们也能准确敲定词义。
词义猜测题的常见命题形式有:
1.The underlined word“...”most probably means...
2.By saying“...”,the author means...
3.The expression“...”is closest to...
4.According to the passage,the phrase“...”suggests...
5.The underlined part“...”(in Para...)means...
做这种类型的阅读理解题,我们还是得以“词不离句、句不离篇”的逻辑表达习惯为解题宗旨,巧妙利用上下文中的线索(词汇、逻辑或常识),准确猜测词义。常见的词义猜测题可从以下几个方面入手:
一、通过构词法猜词
如果需要猜测的词中有自己熟悉的词根,我们应该根据上下文大胆推测其基本构词的方式,猜出词义。如:
【中考真题1】(2015年安徽卷,保留原题号)Mr.Hirsh Goldberg wrote a book on telling lies.He said in his book that almost all persons lie about 200 times a day. In our daily life,a typical(典型的)lie for a man is“I did not d rink that much”and for a woman is“Nothing is wrong,I'm fine”.It is found that nurses are the most honest people,while sales people and politicians(政客)are the biggest liars.
79.The underlined w ord“liars”probably means“”.
A.获利者B.说谎者C.影响者D.领导者
解析:lie一词在文中多次出现,根据我们熟悉的词缀-er表示“做……的人”可知,liar应该为词根lie+ar构成,推测其意思为“说谎者”就不难了。再加上文中the biggest liar与the most honest people之间的对比含义,对推测结果的正确性就更有把握了。
二、通过上下文中的同义词、近义词、并列词等猜词
作者通常会在猜测词义处的上文或下文中,用其同义词或反义词进行解释说明,这也是猜测词义的一个重要方法。
【中考真题2】(2015年遵义卷,保留原题号)Another thing she taught me was punctuality. She set a good example with her own actions.She was always on time,so we students tried our best on time.
52.The underlined word“punctuality”in the third paragraph probably means .
A.being on time B.being honest C.being patient
解析:通过下文中描述“她用自己总是准时的行动,给我们树立了一个好榜样”,由此可以推测:她教给我的实际上就是being on time,所以答案选A。
