文/钱婉丽

细节定位精准查找
——细节理解题的解题技巧

文/钱婉丽

细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容常涉及具体事实、原因和结果等，属于阅读理解中的基础层次题。这类题的解题技巧为：一是根据题干合理运用略读、扫读、跳读等技法快速阅读全文，定位细节信息点；二是遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文——段落——词语的步骤来解题；三是根据设问内容，再根据文章内容和所给选项的比较，排除干扰项，找到正确答案。

一、细节理解题中常见的设问方式

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？

2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage？/The passage doesn't mention.

3.According to the passage，when（where，why，how，who）...？

4.The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT...

5.What is the example of...as described in the passage？

根据题干设置的情况分为两类:直接理解题和间接理解题。直接理解题的题干和正确选项的表述基本与原文一致；间接理解题在设题上，题干与正确选项往往为文中材料的同义词或同义句转换。如:

【中考真题1】（2015年杭州卷，保留原题号）For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends，speak in class，and even get a good job.But scientists say you can get over your shyness.They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don't forget if you are shy，you are not the only one.

54.Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by.

A.blaming their failure on outside reasons

B.trying new things and practicing conversation

C.getting themselves away from their shy parents

D.trying to understand reasons for their shyness

解析：题设中的关键词scientists，suggest，get over their shyness和正确选项trying new things and practicing conversation均在文中可以直接找到，属于直接理解题。答案为B。

【中考真题2】（2015年杭州卷，保留原题号）Teenager Jake Denham was a skiing（滑雪）with his family in the USA when he fell over and lost one of his skis.His family didn't know that he had a problem.They kept on skiing.When they got to the foot o f the mountain，there was no sign o f Jake.

45.Jake's parents didn't know that he was missing until_____.

A.they reached the foot of the mountain

B.they began to ski down the mountain

C.a team of workers found Jake

D.Jake lost one of his skis

解析：此题为间接理解题，信息点设置在这一段的最后一句话，但命题方式在题干和正确选项的表述上均有变化。题干中he was missing为文中there was no sign of Jake的同义表达，而文中when they got to the foot of the mountain在正确选项A中变成了：（until）they reached the foot of the mountain。中考试题中间接理解题的比例越来越高，在平时的学习中，我们应该多注意同义表述的积累。

二、细节理解题中常见的命题点

把握好细节理解题中常见的命题点，我们在寻找阅读理解题的答案时就会少一些周折。……