文/五花肉

坚守与变革

Perseverance and Change

文/五花肉

网球，与高尔夫球、保龄球、桌球并称为世界四大绅士运动。自网球诞生至今，标准的坚守和变革，在保留其古典内涵和与时代发展结合方面，都起到了非常巨大的作用。

Tennis, golf, bowling and billiards are known as four major "Gentlemen's Sport" in the world. Through the development of tennis, the solid standard and its change are the motive power of keeping its classical connotation and promoting its development.

最高准则是尊重

Basic Norm is Respect

在网球运动中，尊重是最高准则。“尊重网球场上的一切人与物”，是打网球者的行为标准，包括尊重对手、观众、球网、球拍等等。这是网球运动内涵的体现，也是网球运动一直坚守的标准之一。

In the tennis match, respect is the first-priority. "Respect everyone and everything on the court" means respecting rivals, audience, net, and rackets, which is the tennis player's standard of conduct. Tennis always sticks to standard, which reflects its connotation.

据查，网球运动起源于12至13世纪的法国，最早是传教士在教堂回廊里用手掌击球的一种游戏，后来作为皇室贵族男女的消遣传入法国宫廷，形成古典式网球。

Historians believe that tennis's can be traced back between 12th and 13th century in France, where missionaries played a game that a ball was struck withthe palm of the hand in the cloisters. Then the game spread into French royal palaces and played by regal aristocrats as a pastime, which formed the classical tennis.

14世纪中叶，法国王储将这一盛行于法国宫廷的古典式网球运动所使用的球，作为礼物赠送给英王亨利五世，古典式网球由此传入英国，成为贵族运动。网球运动的绅士内涵，便由此延续至今。

In the middle of 14th century, the French prince gave Henry V a ball of the prevailing classical tennis played in French royal palaces. Classical tennis started to spread into the UK and became a noble sport. Since then the gentility of this sport has been passed down through the generations.

古老的制球标准

Classical Ball-making Standard

网球外观较为特别——橡胶内囊被一层柔软绒面纺织品包裹，这个古老的制球工艺从网球诞生初期就开始使用，并一直沿用至今。

The appearance of tennis ball is very special. It is made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. This ancient ball-making crafting was used when it came into being, and is still used today.

网球运动刚传入英国时，球的表皮是用埃及坦尼斯镇所产的斜纹法兰绒制作的，英国人便将这种球及游戏称为Tennis，网球英文名称由此诞生。直到现在，网球的制作标准中，柔软的绒面仍被保留。

When tennis was introduced to UK, the coating was made with twill flannel produced in Tennis Town of Egypt. Therefore, British people named this ball and game as Tennis, which signifies the English name of tennis was born. It is important to note that the soft fabric surface is kept in the ball-making standard until now.

宫廷式计分标准

Tennis Scoring System

1876年，全英统一的网球规则和场地标准出台，这是世界范围内第一部网球比赛标准，也是现代网球运动开始的起点。在这部规则中，计分标准比较奇特。……