建筑设计：Ramboll事务所Architects:Ramboll



加洛尔德桥，诺维奇，英国

Jarrold Bridge,Norwich,United Kingdom,2011

建筑设计：Ramboll事务所Architects:Ramboll

1　实景/Bridge view

在温瑟河北岸的诺维奇地区，一项土地再开发项目正在进行中。该项目包括200座住宅，20,500m2的办公空间，一座宾馆，1500m2的商品零售用地、餐厅和咖啡厅。总体规划中还包含一架从巴拉克街直通市中心的新步行桥。

由于方案受到众多法规限制的制约，设计师在设计过程中与诺维奇地方议会和布罗茨地方管理局保持了广泛而深入的沟通，做出了令多方满意的方案。

步行桥架设在温瑟河上一处剖面长度30m的节点上，桥梁高出河面2.9m，保证了河道交通的正常运行。为了满足自行车和轮椅的通行需要，桥面被设计成长长的坡道，缓慢上升。桥身全长80m，由于在南岸与道路找齐而形成了弧形，桥梁总体呈现J字形。桥梁主体是在场地外预制而成，并在建造时吊装入位的，使施工对交通和河岸的影响降到了最低。

该构筑物采用双悬臂结构，两根位于水岸的细柱支撑着曲线形的桥身。这两根销接柱被固定在桩基混凝土板上，支撑起了桥体的主钢梁，并为其留有膨胀活动的空间。带棱的耐候钢箱型梁在顶部收缩变小，在J形弧的内弧面上展开为内层扶手。桥面板从梁上悬挑出去，以耐候钢材质的横梁格网为基底，用特殊方式在其上满铺木板，使自行车通过时自动减速。桥的外层隔挡用轻质不锈钢网制成。

众多的限制因素充分促进了步行桥的设计优化，也使其成为了总体规划中的决定性节点。为了满足对形式和材质的精益求精的追求，最终设计仅采用3种经济天然的饰面材料。耐候钢、木材和不锈钢的使用能够满足耐久性和低维护成本的要求——这座桥将圆满实现其设计的目的和初衷。（张裕翔 译）

To the north of the River Wensum in Norwich,land is under redevelopment to create 200 houses,20,500m2of office space,a hotel,1,500m2of retail space,restaurants and cafés.The masterplan includes a new pedestrian bridge providing direct access to the city centre from the Barrack Street site.Various constraints and statutory requirements necessitated extensive liaison with Norwich Council and the Broads Authority to deliver a satisfactory design.

Spanning a narrow 30m section of the Wensum,the deck needs to sit 2.9m above the water level to allow river traffic to pass unhindered.Long approach ramps are necessary to retain full accessibility for cycles and wheelchairs.To accommodate this,the bridge is 80m in length and curves to form a "J" shape,aligning with the path along the southern bank.Minimising disruption to the river banks and traffic,the main deck is designed for fabrication offsite before being craned into position and connected to the back spans.

2　位置图/Location plan

3　平面/Plan

The structure is a double cantilever design.Its curvilinear form is supported on two slender columns located on the water's edge.Resting on concrete pads with pile foundations,these pinjointed columns support the steel beam,allowing for expansion.The angled form of the weathering steel box beam tapers at the top and spans around the inside curve of the "J",forming the inner parapet.The deck cantilevers off the beam,constructed using a lattice of weathering steel cross beams,surfaced with timber in a pattern intended to naturally reduce the speed of cyclists.The outer parapet is lightweight stainless steel mesh.

Numerous constraints increased the original scope of the footbridge,the presence of which is integral to the success of the masterplan.Refinement of form and materials has produced an economical design using just three natural finish materials.Weathering steel,timber and stainless steel were selected for durability and low maintenance requirements—the bridge will remain the responsibility of the client.

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client:Jarrold & Sons Ltd,St James Ltd.桥总长/Total Length:90m

最大跨距/Maximum Span:Approx.40m

桥宽/Width:3m

造价/Cost:£1,200,000

竣工时间/Completion:2011.09

摄影/Photos:JAAP OEPKES

4 实景/Bridge view

5 横剖面/Cross section

6 夜景/Night view

评论

俞孔坚：关于桥的含义，海德格尔有精辟的论述：跨越河流的桥不仅仅是连接两岸的通道，而是以其自己的方式，将大地、天空、诸神和终有一死的人聚集于自身。这座架在鬼才知道的小河之上，链接同样鬼才知道的社区两岸的加洛尔德桥，却在世界的地图上，为行走其上的芸芸众生定下了坐标和方位，并为栖居于岸边的人们打上了烙印，建立了认同与归属的坐标，使其在茫茫大地上的栖居变得富有意义。无论在体量和区位上，这座桥都不足挂齿，但它以极简的风格、完善的功能考虑、对局促空间的适应性设计、对耐候性和可持续性的考虑，赋予这座桥以最真实和最完美的特质，使桥的含义得到最完美的表达，彰显了设计的力量。

Comments

YU Kongjian:As regards the bridge,Martin Heidegger gave an incisive definition.He defined that a bridge is not merely an access connecting the two sides but a manifestation gathering together the fourfold of earth,sky,gods and mortals.This bridge offers its pedestrian coordinates and orientation,as well as its dwellers a distinctive image,in spite of the unknown river it spans over and the same unheard communities on two banks it connects to.The setup of the coordinates of identity and belonging makes the dwellers around the vast areas feel worthwhile.Regardless of its negligible volume and location,its minimalist style,perfect functions,adaptability to cramped space,weather resistance and sustainability gives it a most realistic and perfect feature,a perfect definition of bridge,and a reflection to the power of design.

何可人：这座步行桥的设计阐释了一个建筑设计的基本道理，即限制条件应该是设计的出发点，关键在于是否是积极地看待这些难点，就像这座桥所面临的离水面的高度和造价的限制。人们或许在清晨匆匆走过，或许在傍晚时分，漫步桥上，看夕阳在水面上泠泠映射，尽享片刻宁静或是孩童的嬉闹。弧形双悬臂的大胆结构，让这个步行“坡道”轻盈地凌驾水面之上，朴素和自然的材料协调了与周围环境的色彩关系。我想，如果“桥”是一个跨越时空的构筑，那么时间在这里悄悄地弯曲了一下，慢了一点。

HE Keren:The footbridge demonstrates a fundamental principle in architectural design–restrictions as the starting point of a design.The key issue relies on whether you can treat the limitation positively–in this case the budget and the height from the bridge to the water.People may cross the bridge every morning in a rush,or stroll on it down when observing the sunset reflection of on the river and enjoying the quiet moment with the children's noise.The bold structural design as manifest in double curved cantilever allows the pedestrian ramp to suspend "lightly" over the water.The austere and natural color of the bridge responds to those of the surroundings.Were the bridge a structure transcending time and space,in my opinion,time here had been bent a little,and slowed a little.