工程设计：维克托·马尔凯利，罗克·姆拉卡尔/庞廷工程顾问有限公司Engineers:Viktor Markelj,Rok Mlakar/Ponting Ltd.



马里尼奇桥，什科茨扬溶洞公园，斯洛文尼亚

Marinič Bridge,Škocjan Caves Park,Slovenia,2010

工程设计：维克托·马尔凯利，罗克·姆拉卡尔/庞廷工程顾问有限公司Engineers:Viktor Markelj,Rok Mlakar/Ponting Ltd.

1 峡谷中的步行桥/the Marinič bridge across the gorge

2.3从下往上看桥底/Upward views

在什科茨扬溶洞公园的西部有一座著名的步行桥。在原先的桥梁被一次毁灭性的洪水冲垮后，这座新的构筑物延续了旧桥的功能，连接了两处高差为4.5m的悬崖，在瑞卡大峡谷上架设了一条安全的通路。设计的任务一方面是要解决如何在敏感的自然环境中加入一个轻质结构的问题，另一方面也探讨了这个空中步道如何能够吸引游客，并给人们带来生动有趣的体验。

这座步行桥被设计成一个曲线形的、纤细而近乎透明的钢结构：一个30m长的筒形主梁支撑着数个横向的肋和方格网构成的甲板。该构造的结构设计和形态都契合了场地独特而苛刻的要求和限制：通过弯曲桥身贴近岩壁，该桥避免了落石的侵扰；通过岩石锚固的支撑方式，桥梁具有了稳固的结构。步行桥的轻盈性和有机的形态都极好地融入了周围脆弱的自然环境，安静谦虚地伏在联合国教科文组织的保护遗产之下。

桥梁的主要承重结构是一条457.1mm/20mm的钢质筒形梁，该梁由三段预制的节段组成，通过圆形钢板和预应力螺栓连接起来。在主梁上，每隔2.25m安装一条T型钢质横梁：这些横梁由10～25mm厚的钢板制成，直接焊接在主梁上，支撑着桥面甲板。在纵向上，横梁被400mm/10mm的钢箍带连接起来，从而增强整个桥梁的强度，为桥面方格构架提供支撑，钢箍带也扮演了边梁的角色。

桥梁的承重结构都由S355结构钢制成，而桥面、栏杆和其他构件则由不锈钢预制而成。支撑节点包括两端锚固在岩石中的锚点和两条附加的M28弹性拉杆。拉杆一端铰接在特制的加强横梁上，另一端通过13m深的耐久预应力地锚铰接锚固在南侧的岩壁上，顺着拉杆的形态深入坚固的岩石中。南侧岩壁上的锚固工程是由专业的攀岩者完成的。

整个桥梁包含三段独立的结构，每段重约3.5t，都在工房中通过了力学测试。这些节段在建造时被运送到溶洞上方的高地上，并从那里被移动吊车吊装下降107m，进入了预定的位置。（张裕翔 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

长度/Length:30.0m

跨距/Span:27.0m

高差/Height Difference:4.50m

宽度及净宽/Width and Clear Width:1.50m,1.25m扶手高度/Railings Height:1.10～1.38m

甲板面积/Deck Area:45m2

结构重量/Structure Weight:11,300kg

总造价/Overall Cost:€298,800

摄影/Photos:Ponting Ltd.

评论

王向荣：马里尼奇桥顺应复杂的地貌，曲折蜿蜒在岩石峭壁之间，跨越在险峻的峡谷之上，引导游客进入洞穴。桥梁采用工业材料，与自然山体形成对比与反差，但轻型的结构和通透的形体又弱化了桥梁的体量，使得桥梁完全能被自然峡谷环境所接纳。步行在桥梁之上如同一次探险，这强化了峡谷的险峻和山洞的深邃。

Comments

WANG Xiangrong:Winding through rocks and cliffs and spanning over steep gorges,Marinic Bridge is constructed along complex landforms to lead visitors into a cave.Industrial materials stand in stark contrast to nature hills,but light structures and transparent shapes which reduce bridge weight merge in the natural environment of the gorges.The adventurous walking on the bridge adds unusual experience to the gorges.

窦平平：马里尼奇桥的价值远远超过了从一点到另一点的连接作用。它创造了置身于沟壑峡谷之中的难得机会，并将这一段穿越抵达的经历变得惊险刺激。桥身的曲线应对和呼应了洞穴形态的天然野性。沿着这蜿蜒又纤细的步道行走，人们得以体验峡谷雕塑般的侧影变幻。这个奇妙又大胆的构想因结构设计的巧妙而得以实现，我们看到步行桥与粗犷又清脆的周边环境细腻地融合在一起。粗壮的管状梁置于半透明的钢格网桥面之下，营造了一种事实上非常平滑和安全，但感受上扣人心弦的行走经历，如同走在独木桥上一般。仅有的两个拉杆将建造对岩石的损害降至最低，同时也增加了这个自然环境中的人工物的轻盈感。

DOU Pingping:Marinic bridge offers much more than just a connection from A to B.It creates an unparalleled opportunity for being inside the gulley gorges and turns traversing into an exhilarating,breath-taking experience.The curvy line of the bridge reflects and echoes the wildness of the cave.Maneuvering carefully along the sinuous and slender walkway,one perceives the sculptural silhouette changes.Marrying bold whimsy to ingenious structural design,the bridge integrates sensitively with the rough yet crisp surroundings.By putting the strong tubular beam underneath the translucent decking,it creates a smooth and safe,yet perceptually thrilling experience that is similar to walking on a single-plank bridge.The only two tie bars minimize construction damage to the rocks,while at the same time contributing to the lightness of the artificial work in the natural environment.

A new bridge has been realized in the eastern part of Škocjan Caves Park,replacing the old structures destroyed by a devastating flood and overtaking a 4.50m height difference between the extremities,in order to assure a safe passage over the wild Reka River Gorge.The aim was to conceive a lightweight structure to fit into the sensitive natural gorge environment and in the meantime to provide visitors an attractive walkway,offering a vivid cave experience.

The bridge has been designed as a curved,slender and almost transparent steel structure:a 30m long sinuous tubular beam supports several transversal ribs and a grid decking.The structural design and the shape of the bridge meet the peculiar conditions given by the characteristic natural environment:thanks to its curvature towards the cave entrance,the path avoids falling debris and thanks to the rock-anchoring stable support conditions are provided.Its lightness and organic shape suits well with the fragile natural environment,laying under the UNESCO protection.

The main bearing structure is a steel tube 457.1mm/20mm,consisting of three separate manufactured sections,connected over round steel plates and pre-stressed bolts.T-shaped steel cross-beams are positioned every 2.25m:they are made of 10～25mm thick plates,directly welded onto the main tube,supporting the bridge deck.The cross-beams are longitudinally connected via 400mm/10mm steel band,which increases the overall bridge rigidity,supports the bridge deck lattice and serves as outer beam.

Bridge bearing structure is made of structural steel S355,while bridge deck,railings and other equipment are manufactured of prefabricated stainless steel elements

The bridge is supported by both end anchors fixed into the ground rock and by two additional elastic M 28 tie bars assuring overall bridge stability.The tie bars are hinge-connected to the bridge over specially designed and strengthened cross beams and hinge-anchored into the south cave wall by two permanent,prestressed,13.0m deep,ground anchors,following the tie bar geometry into the firm rock wall.The anchoring works in the south rock wall have been performed by professional climbers.

The structure consisted of three separate sections weighting up to 3.5t each,and it was checked and test-mounted in the workshop.It was transported separately together to the plateau just over the bridge location and then and placed into its final position,107m beneath,using a mobile crane.