周卉 李京玉 石川 李杰生 丰艳 伍大勇

[摘要] 目的 调查空军部队新兵集训前后的心理弹性状况，为制订部队新兵心理干预措施及提高集训效果提供理论依据。 方法 采用Conner-Davidson心理弹性量表（CD-RISC）对空军某部2013、2014年入伍的800名新兵集训前后的心理弹性状况进行测试。 结果 集训前新兵的CD-RISC总分为（66.83±8.57）分，略高于国内常模的（65.4±13.9）分，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经过3个月集训后，新兵的CD-RISC总分为（72.86±8.52）分，明显高于集训前（P<0.05）。经过3个月集训后，城镇籍新兵坚韧、自强维度评分和总分的上升幅度高于农村籍新兵（P<0.05），大专以上新兵坚韧、自强维度评分及总分的上升幅度高于高中以下新兵（P<0.05）。 结论 新兵集训前后的心理弹性水平会出现改变，且家庭因素和学历会对新兵的心理弹性产生不良影响，应针对性地进行心理健康教育及适应性训练。

[关键词] 新兵；入伍集训；心理弹性

[中图分类号] R821 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2016）02（b）-0167-03

Investigation and analysis of psychological resilience in army recruits before and after the military training

ZHOU Hui LI Jing-yu SHI Chuan LI Jie-sheng FENG Yan WU Da-yong

Department of Outpatient，Air Force Command of Guangzhou Military Region，Guangzhou 510075，China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the psychological resilience in army recruits before and after the military training，which could provide a theoretical basis of mental health education and scientific training for recruits. Methods The psychological resilience of 800 cases of air force recruits from 2013 to 2014 were assessed by the Connor-Davidson resilience scale （CD-RISC） before and after military training. Results The total scores of CD-RISC in recruits before military training was （66.83±8.57） points，which was slightly higher than that [（65.4±13.9） points] of domestic norm，but there was no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）.After 3 months of military training，the total scores of CD-RISC was （72.86±8.52） points，which was higher than that before training （P<0.05）.The rising amplitude of tenacity score，strength score and total score in urban recruits were higher than the rural recruits（P<0.05）.The rising amplitude of tenacity score，strength score and total score in junior college of recruits were also higher than the recruits with below high school education （P<0.05）. Conclusion The level of resilience in recruits could change before and after the military training.The family factors and educational background will have a bad influence on the resilience in recruits.The units should carry out mental health education and adaptive training，which could help promote their psychological resilience.

[Key words] Recruits；Military training；Psychological resilience

新兵集训是军人跨入军营的第一步，也是成为一名合格军人的必经之路。新兵初到部队，身份和生活环境的巨大改变以及高强度的体能训练，往往导致其心理在集训期间处于应激状态，如果新兵不能适应这种应激状态，就容易形成焦虑、逆反、冷漠等不良的心理状态，甚至引发一些心理疾病，影响部队战斗力形成[1-2]。心理学把个体面对重大压力、挫折和逆境时能有效地应对和适应的能力称为心理弹性[3-4]。流行病学研究显示，心理弹性能较好地预测个体遭遇应激后的心理健康水平[5]。本研究通过Conner-Davidson心理弹性量表（Connor-Davidson resilience scale，CD-RISC）检测新兵集训前后的心理弹性状况，为部队开展新兵心理素质训练提供参考和理论依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择空军某部2013、2014年入伍的800名新兵作为研究对象，其中2013年450名，2014年350名，均为男性；年龄17～24岁，平均（18.7±1.6）岁；学历大专以上208名（26%），高中以下592名（74%）；来自农村417名（52.1%），来自城镇383名（47.9%）；所有新兵均经体检确认身体健康，既往无精神异常史。