间苯三酚联合盐酸坦洛新治疗输尿管下段结石导致肾绞痛的临床效果
2016-04-07姜华刘璐璐杨俊王亚东李淦洪
姜华 刘璐璐 杨俊 王亚东 李淦洪
[摘要] 目的 研究间苯三酚联合盐酸坦洛新治疗输尿管下段结石所致急诊肾绞痛患者中排石效果。 方法 选取2014年1月~2015年6月在我院住院的急诊肾绞痛患者380例,采用随机数字表法将患者按照1∶1的比例纳入实验组或对照组。实验组190例,采用间苯三酚120 mg静脉滴注,1次/d+盐酸坦洛新0.2 mg口服,1次/晚;对照组190例,采用山茛菪碱10 mg静脉滴注,3次/d,治疗两周或结石排出后停止观察;解痉止痛无效时的镇痛药物统一选用双氯芬酸钠利多卡因注射液2 ml肌注。观察并记录所有患者疼痛缓解情况、发作次数及结石排出情况以及患者不良反应。 结果 所有患者均全程完成本实验,实验组肾绞痛疼痛发作次数为(2.44±0.83)次,对照组发作次数为(4.70±2.34)次(t=12.58,P<0.01);实验组排石时间为(2.62±0.96)d,对照组排石时间为(8.94±1.72)d(t=44.21,P<0.01),结石排出率分别为92.6%和38.4%(χ2=123.59,P<0.01)。试验组的不良反应发生率为1.6%,对照组的不良反应发生率为28.9%(χ2=55.02,P<0.01)。 结论 间苯三酚联合盐酸坦洛新治疗急诊输尿管下段结石安全有效,能有效缓解急诊肾绞痛的发作,同时能促进结石排出。
[关键词] 间苯三酚;盐酸坦洛新;急诊肾绞痛;输尿管下段结石
[中图分类号] R693+.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)02(b)-0137-04
Clinical effect of phloroglucinolcombining withtamsulosin hydrochloride in the treatment of renal colic caused by lower ureteral calculi
JIANG Hua LIU Lu-lu YANG Jun WANG Ya-dong LI Gan-hong
Department of Urinary Surgery,the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University(Zhuhai)in Guangdong Province,Zhuhai 519100,China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of removing calculus by phloroglucinol and tamsulosin hydrochloride(α1-adrenergic receptor blocker)on treating renal colic in emergency due to lower ureteral calculi. Methods From January 2014 to June 2015,380 patients with renal colic in emergency department admitted into our hospital were selected.According to a random number table,they were recruited into experimental group or control group at ratio of 1∶1.In the experimental group,120 mg phloroglucinol for intravenous drip (qd) with 0.2 mg tamsulosin hydrochloride for oral administration (qn) was applied. In the control group,10 mg anisodamine for intravenous drip (tid) was adopted.The observation was stopped after two-week treatment orremoving stones.The compound diclofenac sodium and lidocaine hydrochloride injection,2 ml for intramuscular injection,was selected as the analgesic drug when spasmolysis and pain relieving were not effective.Pain alleviation,seizure frequency,stone removing,and adverse reaction were observed and recorded. Results The entire process of this experiment was finished in all patients.In the experimental group,frequency of renal colic was (2.44±0.83) times,while in the control group,the frequency was(4.70±2.34) times(t=12.58,P<0.01).In the experimental group,time of removing stone was (2.62±0.96) days,while in the control group,time of removing stone was (8.94±1.72) days(t=44.21,P<0.01).The rate of removing stone in the two groups was 92.6% and 38.4% respectively(χ2=123.59,P<0.01).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 1.6%,while in the control group,the incidence was 28.9%(χ2=55.02,P<0.01). Conclusion In the treatment of lower ureteral calculi, combination of phloroglucinol and tamsulosin hydrochloride is safe and effective,which can effectively alleviate the attack of renal colic in emergency as well as boost up stone discharge.
[Key words] Phloroglucinol;Tamsulosinhydrochloride;Emergency renal colic;Lower ureteral calculi
肾绞痛是泌尿外科常见的急诊,病情较急、疼痛程度较重,需要及时处理。输尿管下段结石是引起急诊肾绞痛的最常见原因,其中70%的结石位于输尿管下段。目前,输尿管下段结石的治疗方案主要有保守治疗(梗阻时间短、结石直径<6 mm)或输尿管镜碎石术(梗阻时间长、保守治疗无效、结石较大自行排石困难者)。保守传统的治疗方法是用山莨蓉碱静脉滴注缓解输尿管痉挛,解除疼痛,但其属于抗胆碱能神经药,适用范围有限,尚有一系列不良反应,如口干、视物模糊、心悸、排尿困难甚至尿潴留等并发症,对青光眼、心律失常以及前列腺增生的患者不能使用。间苯三酚是亲肌性非阿托品非罂粟碱类纯平滑肌类的解痉药,直接作用于泌尿生殖道和胃肠道平滑肌,不具有抗胆碱能作用,且对正常的平滑肌影响极小[1]。研究中发现间苯三酚治疗肾绞痛安全有效,且能有助于结石排出,但单一使用间苯三酚时排石时间较长,疼痛缓解程度较差,缓解时间较短,常常需要辅助其他止痛药物[2]。我科将间苯三酚联合盐酸坦洛新在治疗输尿管下段结石所致急诊肾绞痛患者中取得了满意的效果,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2014年1月~2015年6月在我院住院的急诊肾绞痛患者380例,男性213例,女性167例,年龄23~72岁,按照随机数字表法将患者按照1∶1的比例分为实验组和对照组。纳入标准:患者有不同程度的腰腹部疼痛、恶心、呕吐、血尿、尿频、尿急等临床表现,病程<2周;入院后经CT明确诊断为输尿管下段结石,结石<0.8 cm,结石表面光滑;患者自愿要求保守排石治疗,无全身感染征象,肾积水<20 HU。排除标准:有严重心脑血管疾病;泌尿系感染严重(肾周有炎性渗出,T>38.5℃,尿LEU>++等);病程>2周;患侧肾中重度积水;对侧肾萎缩,总肾功能受损;结石……
