徐 岩 应璐曼 王增平（新能源电力系统国家重点实验室（华北电力大学） 保定 071003）



基于最大树理论的分阶段相量测量单元配置方案

徐 岩 应璐曼 王增平
（新能源电力系统国家重点实验室（华北电力大学） 保定 071003）

摘要当前相量测量单元（PMU）配置主要采用启发式算法进行，不足之处在于无法实现不完全可观下分阶段配置PMU，也无法同时保证N-1故障下可观性和经济性。为此，提出一种分阶段配置PMU并保证N-1条件下可观性的优化PMU配置方案。该方案首先依据通信质量、经济效益和均衡性三方面对广域电网进行分区，再按照熵理论对各区内节点脆弱性指标进行排序，以这两方面为基础采用最大树理论实现全网PMU分区分阶段配置。最后，设计了N-1条件下全网可观的PMU配置方案，为现实条件下的PMU配置工作提供了坚实的理论基础。以IEEE 39节点系统对所述方案进行测试，其结果表明本方案不但在经济性、安全性和时间效益方面取得了较好的平衡，而且对于现有电网中已装配PMU的情况，本方法具有更好的效果。

关键词：相量测量单元配置 分阶段 最大树理论 N-1条件

国家自然科学基金（50777016）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（12MS110）资助项目。

Staged Phasor Measurement Unit Placement Algorithm Based on Theory of Maximum Tree

Xu Yan Ying Luman Wang Zengping
（State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China）

Abstract The phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement schemes based on heuristic method are widely applied nowadays. However, these algorithms fail to place PMU by steps in an incomplete observable power system, and also fail to fit the observability and economy in N-1 fault at the same time. So an optimized scheme of staged PMU placement which can ensure the observability in N-1 fault is discussed in this paper. Firstly, the wide system is divided into zones by communication, economic benefit and balance. Then the vulnerability index of each node in the zones is sorted according to entropy. Hence, the theory of maximum tree is used in the zonal and phased placement of PMU. At last, PMU placement is checked and added to fit the observability in N-1 case. The test on IEEE 39-node system shows the economy, security and time-efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, compared with other PMU placement algorithms, the scheme has better performance on the condition that PMUs have been already placed in real system.

Keywords：Phasor measurement unit placement, by steps, the theory of maximum tree, N-1 condition

0 引言

相量测量单元（Phasor Measurement Unit，PMU）利用全球定位系统（Global Positioning System，GPS）信号同步采集次秒级的模拟电压、电流信号，得到电压和电流信号的幅值和相位，并将其传送到调度中心的数据集中器，在调度中心可以得到整个电网的同步相量，以供实时监测、保护和控制等使用，被认为是电力系统未来最重要的测量设备[1,2]。……