高剑　王忠凯　潘毅　葛庆子

摘要：在强烈地震作用下，炼油厂的石化钢结构可能发生破坏，导致较大的经济损失，并易引发严重的次生灾害。为降低石化钢结构的地震风险，结合石化钢结构的特点，以某大型炼油厂重整装置反应器为例，建立有限元分析模型，设置黏滞阻尼器进行罕遇地震下的减震设计，并分析了阻尼器的设置位置、数量和阻尼参数等影响因素。研究结果表明，黏滞阻尼器所在楼层的层间剪力和层间位移角显著减小，布置在结构底部的减震效果优于布置在中、上部；随着阻尼器数量的增加，层间剪力和层间位移角都会随之减小，但减少幅度逐渐降低；阻尼系数对石化钢结构减震效果的影响大于阻尼指数，减震设计中宜优先调整阻尼系数以获得较好的抗震性能。

关键词：石化钢结构；罕遇地震；消能减震；影响因素；黏滞阻尼器

中图分类号：TU392.6

文献标志码：A文章编号：16744764（2016）01009208

Abstract：

Strong earthquake has adverse impact on the petrochemical steel structures of refinery and lead to large economic losses and serious secondary disasters. We studied a reformer reactor of a large refinery， built the finite element model and set viscous dampers to reduce the seismic risk of petrochemical structures based on their characteristics. Then we analyzed the influence factors， including location， quantity and the damping parameters of the viscous dampers. The results show that the interstory force and interstory displacement angle of the floor where the viscous damper was setted decrease significantly， and the damping effect with setting viscous damper in the bottom is greater than that in the middle and upper part. Besides， the interstory force and interstory displacement angle decrease when the number of viscous damper increases， but the decrease amplitude reduces gradually. In addition， the influence of damping coefficient on the damping effect of the petrochemical steel structure is greater than that of the damping index. So the damping coefficient should be given priority to consider in the structure design for better seismic performance.

Keywords：petrochemical steel structure；rare earthquake；energy dissipation；influence factor；viscous damper

中国是地震多发的国家，很多石化企业的炼油厂处在七度及以上烈度区。地震导致的炼油厂基础设施破坏，不但会给石化企业造成较大的直接经济损失，而且会引发严重的次生灾害，如火灾、爆炸、水源污染等，造成更大的间接损失。目前，石化行业是按照《石油化工构筑物抗震设计规范》（SH 3147—2014） 进行抗震设计，这就意味着罕遇地震下仍然需要靠结构的塑形变形来耗散地震能量。尽管炼油厂的构筑物多采用钢结构，但由于其破坏后的严重后果，在罕遇地震下仍然存在较大的地震风险。……