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床旁经皮穿刺气管切开术在ICU的应用研究

2016-03-17林玫瑞杨椹林玉璇

中国实用医药 2016年6期

林玫瑞 杨椹 林玉璇

【摘要】 目的 探讨床旁经皮穿刺气管切开术在重症加强护理病房(ICU)中应用的安全性及应用优势。方法 本研究采用随机、对照的方法对ICU病房有气管切开指征且无禁忌证的36例患者分别采用床旁经皮穿刺气管切开术(Portex法)(B组, 18例)及传统外科气管切开术(A组, 18例), 观察两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、手术并发症、手术费用、ICU住院时间及新发肺炎发生率等情况。结果 B组患者术中出血量、24 h内出血量均较A组少, 手术时间较A组缩短, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01), 手术费用B组较A组增加(P<0.01);两组患者ICU住院时间及肺炎发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在ICU病房, 床旁完成经皮穿刺气管切开术(Portex法)安全、简便、快捷, 且出血量少, 相对于传统的气管切开术, 更具有应用优势。

【关键词】 经皮穿刺气管切开术;Portex法;重症加强护理病房

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate safety and advantage of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy beside bed applied in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This study provided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy beside bed (Portex method) (group B, 18 cases) and general surgical tracheostomy (group A, 18 cases) randomly in 36 patients with indication of tracheostomy and no contraindication. Observation was made on intraoperative bleeding volume, operation time, operation complications, operation cost ICU hospitalization time, and incidence of newly-onset pneumonia of the two groups. Results Group B had less intraoperative bleeding volume, 24 h bleeding volume and shorter operation time than group A. Their differences all had statistical significance (P<0.01). Group B had more operation cost than group A (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference of ICU hospitalization time and incidence of pneumonia between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Implement of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy beside bed (Portex method) in ICU is safe, quick, convenient, along with few bleeding volume. Comparing with traditional tracheotomy, this method contains obvious advantages.

【Key words】 Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy; Portex method; Intensive care unit

经皮穿刺气管切开术(PDT)具有操作简单、快捷、创伤小、便于床旁完成等优点[1], 在ICU危重患者抢救中被广泛应用。本研究采用随机、对照的方法对ICU病房有气管切开指征的两组患者分别采用床旁经皮穿刺气管切开术(Portex法)及传统外科气管切开术, 探讨床旁经皮穿刺气管切开术在ICU中应用的安全性及应用优势, 现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 患者均为2014年1月~2015年1月入住汕头潮南民生医院重症医学科且有气管切开指征的病例36例, 其中女15例, 男21例, 36例患者采用随机对照方法分为传统气管切开术组(A组)与经皮穿刺气管切开术组(B组), 各18例。两组术前一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 具有可比性。见表1。

1. 2 排除病例 凝血功能异常, 既往有颈部手术史颈部解剖明显改变, 15周岁以下儿童, 甲状腺明显肿大者。……

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