吴霞　陶诗顺　钟昀　马鹏　余康宁

摘 要 研究不同基因型杂交水稻播始历期与结实期对播期的反应.以45个杂交水稻组合为材料，设置8个播期处理，分析发现随播期的推迟播始历期缩短，结实期延长，但播始历期的缩短量大于结实期的增长量，致使全生育期缩短，且将播期推迟到5月中旬对全生育期天数的影响最大.播期每推迟10 d，播始历期缩短5.8 d，结实期延长2.3 d，全生育期缩短3.5 d；随播期的推迟，播始历期与全生育期所需的有效积温下降，结实期所需的有效积温较恒定，受播期影响小；杂交水稻生育期对播期的反应存在较大的基因型差异，播期每推迟10 d，生育期缩短2.1～5.2 d.根据其生育期随播期变化的变异程度可将供试组合分为钝感型与敏感型2类，其中钝感型组合8个，敏感型组合37个.

关键词 杂交水稻；播期；生育期；有效积温

中图分类号 S511 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1000-2537（2015）04-0013-08

Abstract In this study， the response of the duration of different hybrid rice varieties to different sowing dates was investigated. In the test， 45 indica rice varieties were used and 8 sowing dates were set. The duration from seeding to heading was shortened and grain filing stage was extended when the sowing date delays. However duration from seeding to heading shortened more than the increase of grain filing stage， therefore the whole growth period shortened. When the sowing date put off until mid-May， the influence on the whole growth period was the largest. The whole growth period and duration from seeding to heading would be respectively shortened by 3.5 d and 5.8 d， and grain filing stage was extended by 2.3 d， when the sowing date delayed 10 d. The effective accumulated temperature of duration from seeding to heading and the whole growth period decreased with the delay of sowing date. The effective accumulated temperature in grain filing stage was stable. There were some differences between these cultivars about the responses of the duration to different sowing dates. The whole growth period was shortened between 2.1 d and 5.2 d， when the sowing date delays 10 d. According to variation levels of growth stage corresponding to different sowing dates， the test group could be classified into two types， i.e.， the insensitive type and the sensitive type. There were 8 insensitive types and 37 sensitive types.

Key words hybrid rice； sowing date； growth period； effective accumulated temperature

四川中东部丘陵稻区以油菜、小麦茬两熟制杂交稻为主.本区冬、春干旱频繁，初夏旱发生频率高[1-2].目前杂交中稻大多在3月底至4月上旬播种育秧，此期正值该区缺水季节，育秧用水矛盾突出；同时由于水源条件限制，该区水稻大部分要在油菜或小麦收获后等水栽插，秧龄一般长达50～60 d，个别片区甚至达60～75 d.秧龄过长易造成秧苗素质劣化，栽后生长发育不良从而导致减产[3].探索该区两熟制杂交稻适当迟播，避开春旱缺水对水稻育秧和初夏缺水对水稻栽插的不利影响，或实行在油菜、小麦收获后直播……