张翔　王宏卫　刘勤

摘 要 对新疆渭干河-库车河绿洲的生态安全水平进行客观评价，为制定和实施干旱区可持续发展措施提供科学依据.基于“经济发展-社会进步-生态保护”协调发展的理念建立生态安全指标体系，采用TOPSIS方法计算生态安全的发展水平，并结合障碍度模型对生态安全发展的障碍因子进行客观评价.结果表明，渭库绿洲的生态安全水平呈稳步增长的趋势，安全等级经历了“不安全-较安全”的演变过程.经济粗放式的快速发展对自然生态系统造成巨大压力，生态系统结构需要进一步调整优化.

关键词 新疆渭干河-库车河绿洲；生态安全；TOPSIS法；障碍因子

中图分类号 X171.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1000-2537（2015）04-0001-06

Abstract The ecological security level of the Ugan-Kuqa River Oasis in Xinjiang was objectively evaluated to provide scientific basis for making sustainable development policies.

An EES（ecology-economy-society）evaluation index system of ecological security was built based on the goal of coordinated delelopment of both economy and social progress-ecological protection. TOPSIS method was used to calculate the development of ecological security level， and was combined with the obstacle degree model to evaluate objectively the obstacle factors of the development of the ecological security. The results show that the general ecological security level appeares in a steady growth trend in the study area， and the degree of ecological security generally experiences two stages from unsafety to safer. With the rapid development of economy， which exerts a tremendous pressure on natural ecosystem， coordinated development between ecosystem structure needs to be further optimized.

Key words the Ugan-Kuqa River Oasis； ecological security； TOPSIS method； obstacle factor

生态安全研究始于20世纪90年代，生态安全问题联系着自然环境安全和社会的稳定，也关系到国民经济和社会的可持续发展[1].近年来，学者们陆续以城市、耕地、湿地、流域和草原等生态系统为对象对生态安全进行了深入研究[2-7].总体来看，定性和定量化分析日趋成熟，主要体现在生态安全的内涵、生态安全评价、生态安全影响因素以及生态安全调控对策等几个方面.绿洲是干旱地区脆弱的生态综合体[8]，渭干河-库车河绿洲作为西部干旱区绿洲的典型代表[9]，随着城镇化、工业化进程的进一步加快[10]，生态环境系统受到更大影响.开展生态安全评价，掌握该区实际生态状况，进而实现生态系统的优化发展具有重要意义.

1 研究区域概况

渭干河……