程立敏

多发脑梗死后早期吞咽困难的临床观察及护理分析

程立敏

目的 探讨多发脑梗死后早期吞咽困难的临床观察及护理分析。方法 选取2014年1月～2015年3月我院治疗的多发脑梗死后早期吞咽障碍患者共90例，随机分为两组，实验组和对照组各45例。对照组应用常规护理，实验组在对照组基础上进行早期康复训练。比较两组护理效果。结果 实验组吞咽能力恢复明显高于对照（P＜0.05）；对照组总有效率为75.56%，实验组总有效率为95.56%，实验组总有效率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 多发脑梗死后早期吞咽困难进行早期康复训练，可明显改善患者吞咽困难症状，提高患者的治愈率，值得在临床应用中推广。

多发脑梗死；早期吞咽困难；临床观察；护理

【Abstract】

Objective To investigate the clinical observation and nursing analysis of early dysphagia after multi-cerebral infarction. Methods 90 selected cases of patients with early dysphagia after multi-cerebral infarction treated in the hospital from January 2014 to March 2015 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group， 45 cases in each. Control group was given conventional nursing， and experimental group received early rehabilitation training on the basis of control group. Nursing effects between the two groups were compared. Results The recovery of swallowing ability in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group， which had significant difference（P＜0.05）； The total effective rate of experimental group was 95.56%， which was significantly higher than 75.56% of control group， and there was significant difference （P＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Early rehabilitation training in treatment of early dysphagia after multi-cerebral infarction can significantly improve patients’ dysphagia symptom and increase the cure rate， which is worthy of generalization in clinical application.

【Key words】Multi-cerebral infarction， Early dysphagia， Clinical observation， Nursing

脑梗死是由于血栓形成或血栓脱落堵塞血管导致的脑血管供血障碍，进而引起脑组织缺血的疾病［1］。该病也有较多的后遗症，其中吞咽困难为多发后遗症［2］。本研究就多发脑梗死后早期吞咽困难的临床观察及护理分析进行研究。现报道如下。

1　资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2014年1月～2015年3月我院治疗的多发脑梗死后早期吞咽障碍患者共90例，诊断符合世界卫生组织关于多发脑梗死后早期吞咽障碍的标准［3］。随机分为两组，实验组45例，其中男23例，女22例，吞咽功能Ⅲ级12例，Ⅳ级14例，V级19例；年龄53～74岁，平均（63.9±8.3）岁。对照组45例，男28例，女17例，吞咽功能Ⅲ级10例，Ⅳ级14例，V级21例；年龄51～73岁，平均（62.1±7.2）岁。两组患者一般资料比较，无显著差异（P＞0.05）。

1.2 方法

对照组应用常规护理。实验组在对照组基础上进行早期康复训练，包括：饮食护理：给患者提供易消化或流质的营养餐；……