郑慧敏，毛培胜，黄莺

(中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系，草业科学北京市重点实验室，北京 100193)

老芒麦染色体组型分析

郑慧敏，毛培胜*，黄莺

(中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系，草业科学北京市重点实验室，北京 100193)

摘要：以老芒麦种子为材料，利用酶解-火焰干燥法来分析有丝分裂中期染色体核型，为老芒麦系统分类及育种工作提供科学依据。研究结果表明，老芒麦染色体数目为28条，13号染色体上有1对随体，臂比值大于2的染色体占7.14%，最长染色体与最短染色体比值为2.04，核型公式是2n=4x=28=24m+4sm(2SAT)，不对称类型为2B。细胞有丝分裂呈现出间期、前期、前中期、中期、后期5个不同的时期。在分裂间期，细胞核染色均匀；到分裂前期时可以看到纤细状的网状染色体；进入分裂前中期，可辨别单个染色体；到分裂中期，染色体高度浓缩，姊妹染色单体及着丝点都清晰可辨；在分裂后期，姊妹染色单体分离。

关键词：老芒麦；核型；有丝分裂

DOI：10.11686/cyxb2014371http://cyxb.lzu.edu.cn

郑慧敏，毛培胜，黄莺. 老芒麦染色体组型分析. 草业学报, 2015, 24(8): 225-230.

Zheng H M, Mao P S, Huang Y. Karyotype analysis and mitotic observation ofElymussibiricus. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(8): 225-230.

收稿日期：2014-09-02；改回日期：2014-10-27

基金项目：十二·五科技支撑课题(2011BAD17B01-02)和草业科学北京市重点实验室共建项目资助。

作者简介：郑慧敏(1991-)，女，山东菏泽人，在读硕士。E-mail: zhenghuimin5210@163.com

通讯作者*Corresponding author. E-mail: maops@cau.edu.cn

Karyotype analysis and mitotic observation ofElymussibiricus

ZHENG Hui-Min, MAO Pei-Sheng*, HUANG Ying

DepartmentofGrasslandScience,CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity；BeijingKeyLaboratoryofGrasslandScience,Beijing100193,China

Abstract:A study has been undertaken to determine the karyotype of Elymus sibiricus. The results showed that the chromosome number of E. sibiricus was 28, with a pair of satellites on the short arms of the 13thchromosomes. Its karyotype figure is 2n=4x=24m+4sm (2SAT). The percentage of chromosomes with arm ratios over 2 was 7.14%, and the ratio of the longest to the shortest was 2.04. Its karyotype asymmetry is 2B. There were five phases (Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase and Anaphase) in the process of mitosis. At interphase the nuclei were dyed homogeneously. During prophase the shape of the slender chromosomes was visible. The individual chromosome could be identified clearly in the prometaphase. At metaphase the chromosomes highly concentrated and the chromatids and centromeres were distinctly visible. During anaphase the chromatids separated and moved to the opposite poles.

Key words:Elymus sibiricus; karyotype; mitosis

老芒麦(Elymussibiricus)属于小麦族禾本科披碱草属多年生疏丛型草本植物，具有抗旱、抗寒、耐盐碱及分蘖能力强等特点，大面积应用于天然草地的恢复和人工草地的建植中[1-2]。老芒麦营养物质丰富、适口性好、产量高，是一种适合家畜食用的优良禾草[3]。……