卢成原,秦良忠,周华飞

(1.浙江工业大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 杭州 310014；2.温州大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 温州 325035)

结构动态位移远距离摄像测量精度评价

卢成原1,秦良忠1,周华飞2

(1.浙江工业大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 杭州 310014；2.温州大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 温州 325035)

摘要：位移是评估结构性能和安全的重要参数.摄像测量有望成为一种实用的位移测量方法，但其远距离摄像测量精度有待研究.以不同测量距离所测得的位移数据为研究对象，开展了结构动态位移远距离摄像测量精度试验，分析了测量距离对摄像测量精度的影响.结果表明：测量距离和目标点振动频率增加将对测量精度产生显著影响，导致测量精度大幅降低；摄像测量系统在510 m范围内仍具有较高的测量精度，满足工程测量的要求；对广州新电视塔位移数据分析可知，测量距离增加对结构动态位移频率测量精度的影响较小.

关键词：结构动态位移；摄像测量；远距离；精度

Accuracy assessment of long-range videogrammetrey for

structural dynamic displacements

LU Chenyuan1, QIN Liangzhong1, ZHOU Huafei2

(1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China；

2.College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China)

Abstract:The displacement is an important parameter for evaluating the behavior and safety of a structure. Videogrammetry is expected to be a practical displacement measurement method, but the accuracy of long-range videogrammetrey needs to be studied. With the displacement data obtained from different measuring distances as the study objective, a measuring accuracy test of long-range videogrammetrey for the dynamic displacements of structures is conducted. The effect of the measuring distance on the measuring accuracy of videogrammetrey is analyzed. It is shown that the measuring distance and the vibration frequency of the target point have a marked effect on the accuracy of videogrammetry, resulting in a significant decrease in measuring accuracy. When the measuring distance is smaller than 510 meters, the measuring accuracy of videogrammetry is still high and meets the monitoring requirements of engineering structures. Based on the analysis of the dynamic displacement data of the Canton Tower, it is found that increasing measuring distance has little influence on the dynamic displacement frequency of structures.

Key words:structural dynamic displacement; videogrammetry; long-range; accuracy

位移是评估结构性能和安全的重要参数[1-2]，往往是健康监测不可或缺的监测内容.尽管传统的位移测量方法已有很多，但是它们不能完全满足大型结构动态位移监测的需要，如：LVDT位移传感器需要不动基准点的要求限制了它在建筑水平位移、桥梁挠度监测等方面的应用；加速度传感器属于间接测量方法，应用受到了更多限制；全球定位系统(GPS)具有测量精度高、速度快[3]，但易受卫星信号遮挡、电磁干扰和多路径效应等……