基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA高速列车轴箱轴承动力学分析与故障模拟

汤武初1，2，陈光东1，孙玉超1，许立1

(1.大连交通大学机械工程学院，辽宁大连116028；2．大连理工大学机械工程学院，辽宁大连116021)

摘要：为了开发高速列车轴箱轴承的在线监测系统，合理布置振动传感器测点，进而完成轴承的实时故障诊断。施加了吻合实际工况合理的边界条件和载荷条件，在ANSYS/LS-DYNA中建立了高速列车轴箱轴承的动力学模型，并且仿真分析了高速列车轴箱轴承的动力学特性。进行了双列圆锥滚子轴承正常工作状态与滚动体表面剥落情况下的显示动力学运动仿真，并在运转工作状态下，将无故障轴承与滚动体表面剥落故障轴承的仿真信号进行了时域参数对比及利用小波包络谱频域对比。为进一步研究高速列车故障轴承的运动仿真与分析奠定一定基础。

关键词:显式动力学高铁轴承ANSYS/LS-DYNA小波分析包络谱

中图分类号：U266.2文献标识码：A

作者简介：汤武初(1989-)，男，江西井冈山人，副教授，研究方向：高速列车走行部状态监测。

收稿日期：2015-03-03

Dynamic research and fault simulation on high-speed railway axle box bearings based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA

TANG Wuchu, CHEN Guangdong,SUN Yuchao，XU Li

Abstract:In order to develop an on-line monitoring system of high-speed railway axle box bearings and reasonably arrange the layout of measuring points of vibration sensors , then accomplish the real-time fault diagnosis of bearings, various reasonable boundary conditions consistent with the actual conditions were dealt with, a FEM dynamic model of high-speed railway axle box bearings was established based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA , simulated analysis was carried out about its dynamic characteristics. The feasibility of the simulation methods is proved by processing different data between normal operation and fault operation by means of two methods: time domain method and wavelet envelope spectrum method. The research lays foundation for further study on motion simulation and analysis of high-speed railway failure bearings.

Keywords:explicit dynamics; high-speed railway axle bearings ; ANSYS/LS-DYNA; wavelet analysis; envelope spectrum

在高速列车的零部件中，轴箱轴承是高速列车走形部的关键部件之一，其在列车运行时的好坏直接影响列车运行的安全[1]。轴箱轴承在列车运行时会出现不同类型、不同程度的损伤。尤其是高铁及动车组这类高速速度列车，轴承更易发生故障。这种初始的微小故障会在很短的时间内迅速扩大，严重时会造成列车脱轨。因此，利用仿真的方法了解轴承在故障状态下的故障特征，并对其进行及时地、有针对性地实时监测是避免事故的有效手段。……