雷正保, 李丽红

(长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙　410004)

第一作者雷正保男，博士，教授，1964年生

基于大客车碰撞分析的新型PVC护栏梁板拓扑优化

雷正保, 李丽红

(长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410004)

摘要：为了开发出一套新型“以塑代钢”PVC护栏，根据国内现有的评价标准，通过建立汽车-护栏有限元模型，并结合元胞自动机的拓扑优化方法，展开了对客车碰撞条件下的新型PVC护栏梁板截面耐撞性拓扑优化分析。首先，根据护栏梁板设计理论，在对比Q235与PVC材料力学性能中，得出了增大梁板弯曲刚度的重要因素；其次，利用耐撞性拓扑优化方法，对梁板设计域进行了不同工况下的拓扑优化分析，并得出了PVC护栏梁板拓扑构型；最后，利用仿真软件针对所提取的近“H”型梁板拓扑构型进行了仿真验证分析。分析结果表明：0.25质量分数下的梁板拓扑构型能够对10 t客车实现A级防护能力，护栏梁板的最大横向偏移量为785 mm，车体X、Y、Z轴的最大加速度分别为6.67 g、4.93 g、2.16 g，均小于评定标准的20 g，满足碰撞安全性标准要求。

关键词：PVC护栏；元胞自动机；耐撞性；拓扑优化

基金项目：国家自然科学基金(51175050)

收稿日期：2014-01-26修改稿收到日期：2014-05-08

中图分类号:U467.1+4

文献标志码：A

DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.11.009

Abstract:In order to develop a new barrier to adapt to the trend of “plastics to replace steel”, according to domestic current available evaluation standards, the crashworthiness topological optimization analysis was implemented for a PVC barrier through establishing a FE model of a system of “vehicle-barrier” and combining the topological optimization method of a cellular automaton. Firstly, the key factor to enhance the barrier beam’s bending stiffness was obtained with the comparison between material mechanical properties of Q235 and PVC based on the barrier beam design theory. Secondly, the beam topological configuration was acquired with several crashworthiness topological optimization analyses under different operation conditions. Finally, the crashworthiness verification analysis for the new barrier beam configuration of “guasi-H” type was performed using the simulation software. The analysis results indicated that the barrier beam topological configuration with 0.25 mass fraction can realize the protective capability of A level for a 10 t passenger car; the maximum lateral displacement of the barrier beam is 785 mm; the vehicle’s maximum acceleration in X, Y, Z directions are 6.67g, 4.93g and 2.16g to meet the requirements of the impact safety standards.

Beam topological optimization of new PVC barriers based on passenger car crash analysis

LEIZheng-bao,LILi-hong(1. College of Vehicle and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China)

Key words:PVC barrier; cellular automaton; crashworthiness; topological optimization

为顺应“两型安全公路”发展的要求，新型高分子材料正异军突起，成为护栏研究领域中的新方向。国外从20世纪70年代起将塑料护栏引入安全护栏领域，最早研究“以塑代钢”美国Yodock Wall有限公司[1]开发了可移动式聚乙烯(PE)护栏，李汉初[2]则研究了从工艺上解决PE 8301材料护栏不耐冲击的问题。……