薄煤层采煤机振动特性研究

赵丽娟,田震

(辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院，辽宁阜新123000)

摘要：为研究复杂煤层赋存条件下薄煤层采煤机的振动特性，根据多体拓扑结构建立采煤机刚柔耦合模型，通过仿真得到采煤机在截割含夹矸韧性煤工况下前后滚筒受到冲击载荷作用时的动态特性。基于子结构模态综合方式(CMS)的振动疲劳分析方法，进行危险点动应力与模态振动的相关性分析，发现牵引部壳体在实际工作过程中产生具有3阶垂向弯曲模态特征的弹性振动；以不同测试点加速度频域响应为依据，分析采煤机振动对其电控系统以及液压系统的影响，判断测试点加速度与模态振动的相关性，同时确定出牵引部柔性壳体的高动应力区域及其结构疲劳性质。分析结果为薄煤层采煤机的优化设计、后续测试、安全性评价提供了重要的参考。

关键词：薄煤层采煤机；动态特性；振动；模态；疲劳

中图分类号:TD421.6+3文献标志码：A

基金项目：广西车辆零部件先进设计制造重点实验室开放

收稿日期：2013-08-15修改稿收到日期：2013-11-06

Vibration characteristics of thin coal seam shearer

ZHAOLi-juan,TIANZhen(College of Mechanical Engineering，Liaoning Technical University，Liaoning，Fuxin 123000，China)

Abstract:In order to investigate the vibration characteristics of thin seam shearer under complex coal seam conditions,a rigid-flex coupled model of the shearer was established based on multi-body topological structure.The dynamic characteristics of shearer when cutting tough seam were obtained. The correlation between dynamical stress and modal vibration was analysed based on CMS vibration fatigue analysis method, and the shearer in actual work process produces an elastic vibration characterized by the third vertical bending mode. The influence of vibration on the electronic control system and hydraulic system was analysed, the correlation between acceleration and modal vibration was determined based on the acceleration response in frequency-domain at different test points, and the high dynamic stress region and structural fatigue properties of haulage unit shell were identified. The results provide an important reference to the design,testing and evaluation of thin seam shearers.

Key words:thin seam shearer; dynamic characteristic; vibration; fatigue; modality

由于截割工况和截齿受力复杂以及销排浮动等因素的影响，采煤机在工作过程中会产生剧烈的振动，过于强烈的振动易使其机械、液压及电控系统出现过载或损坏等现象，给安全生产带来一定隐患；同时振动伴随较高的噪声严重影响工人的身心健康[1-2]。

目前对采煤机的研究仍以截割部的动态特性分析为主[3-5]，如文献[3]基于UG和ADAMS联合建立了采煤机摇臂虚拟样机，其中对摇臂壳体进行了柔性化，通过施加阶跃、正弦负载对摇臂进行了动力学分析；……