电梯系统共振失效的灵敏度研究

冯文周1,2,3，曹树谦1,2，赵峰1,2，胡铖4，刘文波3

(1.天津大学机械工程学院力学系，天津300072；2.天津市非线性动力学与混沌控制重点实验室，天津300072；3.奥的斯电梯(中国)有限公司，天津300457；4.大连理工大学机械工程学院，辽宁大连116024)

摘要：以曳引式电梯为研究对象，考虑电梯曳引绳刚度具有时变特性，对电梯系统建立了8自由度耦合振动的动力学模型。在对系统进行模态分析的基础之上，以影响系统模态频率的动力参数作为随机变量，结合DOE试验方法与神经网络技术，得出系统随机变量与系统模态响应之间的显性函数关系式。依据动态结构系统的固有频率与激振频率差的的关系准则，定义了系统共振的失效模式，并对系统的随机变量进行了可靠性灵敏度分析。研究表明，绳头侧刚度和曳引机支撑刚度对频率共振影响最为明显，因此，在电梯系统设计中可以通过修改该动力参数达到有效降低共振的风险。同时，在实际工作中应该严格关注和监视该动力参数的变化，避免发生共振。

关键词：电梯振动；共振；失效灵敏度；神经网络

中图分类号:TU857文献标志码：A

基金项目：国际科技合作项目：镁质车体前端设计开发及NVH特性研究(2007DFB50150-2)

收稿日期：2013-04-16修改稿收到日期：2013-11-06

Resonancefailuresensitivityforelevatorsystem

FENG Wen-zhou1,2,3, CAO Shu-qian1,2, ZHAO Feng1,2, HU Cheng4,LIUWen-bo3(1.TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072，China； 2.Tianjinkeylaboratoryofnonlineardynamicsandchaoscontrol,Tianjin300072，China;3.Otiselevator(China)corporationlimited,Tianjin, 300457，China; 4.DalianUniversityoftechnology,LiaoningDalian116024，China)

Abstract:Taking the traction type elevator as the research object, and considering the time-varying characteristics of traction rope stiffness when the elevator is in normal working condition, an eight degrees of freedom dynamic model of coupled vibration was established for studying the vertical vibration characteristics of the elevator system and the effect of sensitivity of natural frequency on the vibration of elevator system. On the basis of modal analysis on the elevator system, dynamic parameters impacting on the system modal frequency were selected as random variables. Combining the design of experiment (DOE) test method and artificial neural network (ANN) technology, an explicit function was obtained between each random parameter and the modal response of elevator system. According to the criterion that the absolute value of the difference between the natural frequency of the dynamic structure system and the excitation frequency should not be in excess of an allowance, the failure mode of system resonance was defined, and the reliability sensitivity of the elevator system was studied. The results reveal that the termination stiffness of the traction rope and the isolation pad of traction machine are prominent factors for system resonance. In practice, the risk of resonance can be mitigated effectively by modifying these parameters. Simultaneously, the changes of these dynamic parameters should be strictly monitored to prevent resonance in working process.

Keywords:elevatorvibration;resonance;failuresensitivity;artificialneuralnetwork

由于高层建筑的不断增多，电梯正在朝着高速度、高载重、高扬程的方向发展。在高速度、高扬程工况下的电梯轿厢的振动特性更加明显，因此，其运行过程中的安全性和舒适性越来越受到人们的重视,对于电梯系统的振动特性的研究已经成为电梯行业研究热点。……