徐莹 周申康 王慧 江良县 金科涛

[摘要] 目的 探讨舒适护理在低位直肠癌结肠造口术后患者中的应用效果。 方法 将2012年1月～2014年1月期间在本院普外科行结肠造口手术的80例患者随机分为对照组37例和观察组43例，对照组按照传统护理模式进行常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施舒适护理。从患者焦虑程度、并发症发生率及对护理工作满意度方面进行比较分析。 结果 观察组的状态焦虑、特质焦虑、并发症的发生情况均低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者对护理工作满意度高于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 对低位直肠癌结肠造口术后患者实施舒适护理能明显减轻患者的焦虑状态，降低术后并发症的发生率，改善预后，提高患者对护理的满意度。

[关键词] 舒适护理；低位直肠癌；结肠造口；疗效评估

[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2015）34-0142-04

The effection of comfortable nursing in patients with low rectal cancer after colostomy

XU Ying ZHOU Shenkang WANG Hui JIANG Liangxian JIN Ketao

Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province of Taizhou Enze Medical Center（Group）， Linhai 317000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of comfortable nursing in patients who with low rectal cancer after colostomy. Methods A total of 80 cases of patients with colon stoma surgery in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were randomly divided into control group and observation group， 37 cases in the control group， 43 cases in observation group， while the observation group was based on routine nursing care. To analyze the degree of anxiety， the incidence of complications and the satisfaction of nursing work. Results The occurrence of the observation group patients for stating anxiety，traiting anxiety and complications were lower than the control group（P<0.05）. The satisfaction of the nursing of the observation group patients were higher than that of control group. The difference between the two groups was significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Comfortable nursing could alleviate the anxiety state of the patients who with low rectal carcinoma after colostomy， reduce the postoperative complications， and improve the prognosis， aslo improve patient satisfaction with nursing care.

[Key words] Comfortable nursing； Low rectal cancer； Colostomy； Curative effect evaluation

直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一，发病率极高，对患者的正常生活造成严重影响[1，2]。经腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术（Miles）是低位直肠癌患者常规采取的手术方式，Miles手术需要做永久性乙状结肠造口，由于手术创伤大，切除范围广泛，加上术后疼痛，各种管道牵制及造口导致自我形象紊乱等各方面原因，患者常在生理、心理（如躯体、角色、社会、情绪、认知以及手术应对方面）上存在各种不同程度的不适感。舒适护理是一种具有创造性、个体性、整体性、有效的新型护理模式，注重对护理活动过程中的舒适干预，使患者在心理、生理和社交等方面达到愉悦状态，缩短减少不愉快的程度[3-6]。为加快患者康复，增加术后舒适度，本研究应用舒适护理模式护理低位直肠癌结肠造口术后的患者，取得一定效果，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料