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现代显微成像技术综述

2016-01-08张祥翔

光学仪器 2015年6期

张祥翔

摘要:概述了光学宽视场显微镜、共聚焦显微镜、超分辨率显微镜中所应用的现代显微成像技术,对各种传统和先进的显微成像原理进行了总结。光学宽视场显微镜最常用的显微技术有明场成像、暗场成像、相衬成像、偏光成像、微分干涉(DIC)成像、调制对比成像和荧光成像。相衬成像中根据不同的成像结构还有切趾相衬成像。微分干涉除了传统的偏振光照明还有圆偏振光照明(CDIC)和专用于塑料的微分干涉(PlasDIC)。共聚焦显微镜随着计算机技术和制造技术的发展而有了巨大的发展。除了传统的共聚焦荧光显微镜以外,还有连续反斯托克斯拉曼散射(CARS)共聚焦、多光子共聚焦和白光共聚焦。超分辨率显微镜中主要介绍了受激辐射淬灭(STED)技术和紧随基态淬灭显微技术的单分子返回(GSDIM)技术。

关键词:宽视场显微镜; 共聚焦显微镜; 超分辨率; 显微成像技术

中图分类号: O 435 文献标志码: A doi: 10.3969/j.issn.10055630.2015.06.017

Abstract:The imaging technology in modern microscope for widefield microscope, confocal microscope and superresolution microscope is outlined here. The most frequentlyused technology in the widefield microscope is brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, polarization, DIC, modulation contrast and fluorescence. In phase contrast, there is also apodized phase contrast. In addition, DIC, CDIC and PlasDIC are also presented. Confocal microscope is developed greatly with the development of computer and manufacture technology. Besides conventional confocal system, the principle of coherent antiStokes Raman scattering(CARS) confocal,multiphoto confocal, white confocal are also explained in detail. As for superresolution microscope, the principle of stimulated emission depletion(STED) and ground state depletion microscopy followed by individual molecule return(GSDIM) are clarified.

Keywords:widefield; confocal; superresolution; microscope imaging technology

引 言

显微镜根据成像方式可以分为光学宽视场显微镜、共聚焦显微镜、体视显微镜[1]。光学宽视场显微镜和共聚焦显微镜更多地应用于生命科学研究,对成像的要求更高,而体视显微镜更多应用于工业领域,对数码化和人性化的要求更高[2]。本文主要阐述用于生命科学领域的显微成像技术,光学宽视场显微镜常用的显微技术有明场成像、暗场成像、相衬成像、偏光成像、微分干涉(DIC)成像、调制对比成像和荧光成像,共聚焦显微镜常用的显微技术有荧光、全反射、超分辨、多光子和白光共聚焦成像。……

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