压裂新技术在非常规油气开发中的应用

刘秉谦1，张遂安1，李宗田2，贺甲元2，卢凌云1

(1.中国石油大学(北京)，北京 102249; 2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083)

摘要：压裂是非常规油气开发过程中主要的技术措施，压裂技术的创新是实现非常规油气资源大规模开发的关键。重点介绍了新型压裂改造技术的技术原理及其在煤储层、致密砂岩储层、页岩储层等开发过程中的应用，包括同步压裂技术、高速通道压裂技术、纤维压裂技术、穿层压裂技术、固井滑套压裂技术和泵送桥塞压裂技术。并针对应力叠加效应、支撑剂异构铺置、铺砂剖面优化、裂缝穿层延伸、定点起裂、变粒径变排量作业等技术优势总结了各技术的设计原理及现场应用情况，为非常规油气的开发与改造提供参考和借鉴。

关键词:非常规油气藏；同步压裂；高速通道压裂；纤维压裂；穿层压裂；固井滑套；泵送桥塞

中图分类号：TE348

基金项目：山西省自然科学基金“煤层气径向井压裂工艺研究”(AX20140006)。

作者简介：第一刘秉谦(1991年生)，男，在读硕士研究生，油气田开发工程专业。邮箱：liubingqian129@163.com。

New Stimulation Technology for Unconventional Oil & Gas Development

Liu Bingqian1, Zhang Suian1, Li Zongtian2,He Jiayuan2, Lu Lingyun1

(1.ChinaUniversityofPetroleum,Beijing102249,China; 2.PetroleumExplorationand

ProductionResearchInstituteofSINOPEC,Beijing100038,China)

Abstract:Fracturing is an indispensable technique for unconventional oil and gas development, and its innovation is the key to large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Application of new fracturing technology for development of coalbed methane reservoir, tight sandstone reservoir, and shale reservoir was introduced, including simultaneous fracturing, channel fracturing, fiber fracturing, interlayer fracturing, cementing sleeve, and pumping bridge plug. Focusing on the technological advantages of stress superposition effect, non-uniform sanding section, optimizing of sanding section, extension of fractures through interface, the fixed initial point, and construction with variable proppant size and variable flowing capacity, designed principles and field application results were summarized, providing good reference for development and transformation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.

Key words: unconventional oil and gas reservoir; simultaneous fracturing; high-speed channel fracturing; fiber fracturing; interlayer fracturing; cementing sleeve; pumping bridge plug

近年来，随着常规油气资源的快速消耗及开发难度的增加，非常规油气资源的勘探开发呈现出快速上升的趋势。依托分段压裂技术为主的增产改造技术，美国的煤层气、页岩气、致密油和致密气等非常规油气资源的开发取得快速发展，2011年美国非常规气产量达到全美天然气总产量的67%以上[1]，率先实现了非常规油气资源勘探开发的突破(图1)。……